区块链中如何防止时间戳攻击? 在比特币和以太坊都有经典的实现
Tendermint 使用 MedianTime
获取"带权中位时间"作为新的区块的时间戳
// MedianTime computes a median time for a given Commit (based on Timestamp field of votes messages) and the
// corresponding validator set. The computed time is always between timestamps of
// the votes sent by honest processes, i.e., a faulty processes can not arbitrarily increase or decrease the
// computed value.
func MedianTime(commit *types.Commit, validators *types.ValidatorSet) time.Time {
weightedTimes := make([]*tmtime.WeightedTime, len(commit.Precommits))
totalVotingPower := int64(0)
for i, vote := range commit.Precommits {
if vote != nil {
_, validator := validators.GetByIndex(vote.ValidatorIndex)
totalVotingPower += validator.VotingPower
weightedTimes[i] = tmtime.NewWeightedTime(vote.Timestamp, validator.VotingPower)
}
}
return tmtime.WeightedMedian(weightedTimes, totalVotingPower)
}
// ==== WeightedMedian 实现
// WeightedMedian computes weighted median time for a given array of WeightedTime and the total voting power.
func WeightedMedian(weightedTimes []*WeightedTime, totalVotingPower int64) (res time.Time) {
median := totalVotingPower / 2
// 根据时间从小到大排序
sort.Slice(weightedTimes, func(i, j int) bool {
if weightedTimes[i] == nil {
return false
}
if weightedTimes[j] == nil {
return true
}
return weightedTimes[i].Time.UnixNano() < weightedTimes[j].Time.UnixNano()
})
for _, weightedTime := range weightedTimes {
if weightedTime != nil {
if median <= weightedTime.Weight {
res = weightedTime.Time
break
}
median -= weightedTime.Weight
}
}
return
}
单元测试:
func TestWeightedMedian(t *testing.T) {
m := make([]*WeightedTime, 3)
t1 := Now()
t2 := t1.Add(5 * time.Second)
t3 := t1.Add(10 * time.Second)
m[2] = NewWeightedTime(t1, 33) // faulty processes
m[0] = NewWeightedTime(t2, 40) // correct processes
m[1] = NewWeightedTime(t3, 27) // correct processes
totalVotingPower := int64(100)
median := WeightedMedian(m, totalVotingPower)
assert.Equal(t, t2, median)
// median always returns value between values of correct processes
assert.Equal(t, true, (median.After(t1) || median.Equal(t1)) &&
(median.Before(t3) || median.Equal(t3)))
m[1] = NewWeightedTime(t1, 40) // correct processes
m[2] = NewWeightedTime(t2, 27) // correct processes
m[0] = NewWeightedTime(t3, 33) // faulty processes
totalVotingPower = int64(100)
median = WeightedMedian(m, totalVotingPower)
assert.Equal(t, t2, median)
// median always returns value between values of correct processes
assert.Equal(t, true, (median.After(t1) || median.Equal(t1)) &&
(median.Before(t2) || median.Equal(t2)))
m = make([]*WeightedTime, 8)
t4 := t1.Add(15 * time.Second)
t5 := t1.Add(60 * time.Second)
m[3] = NewWeightedTime(t1, 10) // correct processes
m[1] = NewWeightedTime(t2, 10) // correct processes
m[5] = NewWeightedTime(t2, 10) // correct processes
m[4] = NewWeightedTime(t3, 23) // faulty processes
m[0] = NewWeightedTime(t4, 20) // correct processes
m[7] = NewWeightedTime(t5, 10) // faulty processes
totalVotingPower = int64(83)
median = WeightedMedian(m, totalVotingPower)
assert.Equal(t, t3, median)
// median always returns value between values of correct processes
assert.Equal(t, true, (median.After(t1) || median.Equal(t1)) &&
(median.Before(t4) || median.Equal(t4)))
}