Java基本数据类型和运算符

1.数据类型：

2.引用类型举例及其转义字符：

public static void main1 (String[]args){
    String str = "小猫";//String是引用类型
    String tr = "\"asdf\"";//  \"是转义字符，转义为"
    String t = "\\123\\";//  \\转义为\
    String sr = "\'qwe\'";//  \'转义为'
    System.out.println(str);
    System.out.println(tr);
    System.out.println(t);
    System.out.println(sr);
}

public static void main27(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("\\\"hello\\\"");//  \"hello\"
}

3.字符串拼接

public static void main2 (String[]args){
    int a = 12;
    int b = 13;
    System.out.println("a=" + a + ",b=" + b);//输出为a=12,b=13
    System.out.println("a+b=" + (a + b));//a+b=25,不管什么和字符串拼接，类型都变为字符串
    String str1 = "ys";
    String str2 = "ab";
    System.out.println(str1 + str2);
    System.out.println(str1 + str2 + 10);
    System.out.println(10 + 30 + str1 + str2);//输出为40ysab，字符串前面是数值，会先进行”加“运算
    System.out.println(str1 + str2 + 10 + 30);//输出为ysab1030，在字符串类型中，+号代表拼接


}

        }
4.类型转换
        public static void main5 (String[]args){
            int a = 2;
            long b = 1;
            //a=b;报错，大的字节类型转换为小的，要进行强制转换
            a = (int) b;
            float c = 12.5F;
            //a=c;报错，同字节大小，转换要看数据类型
        /*布尔类型的输出值只有true和false,不能和其它类型进行转换,
        byte类型在赋值时，不能超过其范围，-128——127
        */

            System.out.println(a);
        }

        public static void main4 (String[]args){
            final int A = 1;
            //A=2;会报错，加final,变量变为常量,一般为大写A
            System.out.println(A);
//        final int B
//        System.out.println(B);常量或者变量都要初始化

        }
        public static void main3 (String[]args){
            int c = 2;
            {
                c = 1;
            }
            System.out.println(c);//输出为1

        }

public static void main10 (String[]args){


    int a = 1;
    int b = 2;
    int c = a / b;
    double d = (double) a / b;
    System.out.println(c);//0;结果是int类型
    System.out.println(d);//0.5

}


public static void main9 (String[]args){
    String str3 = "12";
    int b = Integer.valueOf(str3);//字符串转换为int类型
    System.out.println(b);
}
public static void main8 (String[]args){
    int a = 11;
    String str1 = 11 + "";//将11转换为字符串，方法1
    String str2 = String.valueOf(a);//方法2
    System.out.println(str1);
    System.out.println(str2);

}
public static void main7 (String[]args){
    byte a = 12;
    byte b = 10;
    byte c = (byte) (a + b);
    byte d = 12 + 10;//常量不会报错
    // byte c=a+b;会报错，byte为1个字节，电脑在处理小于4个字节时，会先将他们提升为4个字节，再运算
    /*还有short*/
    System.out.println(c);
    System.out.println(d);
}
public static void main6 (String[]args){
    int a = 10;
    long b = 11;
    //int c=a+b;报错，运算过程中会把小的字节类型提升为大的
    int c = (int) (a + b);
    long d = a + b;
    System.out.println(c);
    System.out.println(d);

5.运算符

public static void main17 (String[]args){
            /* <<左移  ,>>右移 （正数补0，负数补1） ，>>>无符号右移，统统补0
             * */
        }
        public static void main16 (String[]args){
//         & | ^ ~ 按位运算符，针对二进制
//        n^0=n;   n^n=0
        }
        public static void main15 (String[]args){
            int a = 12;
            int b = 13;
            int c = 14;
            System.out.println(a < b && b < c);//ture,布尔类型，真真为真，真假为假
            System.out.println(a < b || b > c);//ture,有一个表达式为真，结果为真
//        可短路
            System.out.println(!(a > b));//ture
        }

        public static void main14 (String[]args){
            int a = 1;
            int b = 2;
            System.out.println(a > b);//false
            System.out.println(a < b);//true
            System.out.println(a == b);//返回值是布尔类型
            System.out.println(a != b);

        }
        public static void main13 (String[]args){
            int a = 11;
//      int b=a++;
            int c = ++a;
//        System.out.println(b);//11
            System.out.println(a);//12
            System.out.println(c);//12
            a++;//输出结果为12
            ++a;//输出结果为12
        }
        public static void main12 (String[]args){
            short b = 2;
            b += 1;//正确，会帮你进行强制类型转换
//        b=b+1;报错
            int a = 10;
            a += 1;//a=a+1;
            System.out.println(b);//3
            System.out.println(a);//11
        }
        public static void main11 (String[]args){
            System.out.println(10 % -3);//1
            System.out.println(-10 % 3);//-1
            System.out.println(-10 % -3);//-1
            System.out.println(11.5 % 2);//1.5,小数也可以取余
        }

6.逻辑运算

    public static void main26(String[] args) {
        int a = 1;
        switch (a) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("1");
//                break;
            case 2:
                System.out.println("2");
//                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("输入错误");
//                break;
        }//不能省略break,输出结果：1 2 输入错误


    }

    public static void main25(String[] args) {
        int a = 3;
        switch (a) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("1");
                break;
            case 2:
                System.out.println("2");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("输入错误");
                break;
        }
    }

        public static void main24 (String[]args){
            int a = 12;
            int b = 11;
            if (a == 10) {
                if (b == 11) {
                    System.out.println("123");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("456");
                }
            }
        }//什么都没有输出，else和最近的if结合
        public static void main23 (String[]args){
            int y = 2020;
            if (y % 100 != 0 && y % 4 == 0 || y % 400 == 0) {
                System.out.println("闰年");
            } else {
                System.out.println("不是闰年");
            }
        }
        public static void main22 (String[]args){
            int year = 2021;
            if (year % 100 == 0) {
                if (year % 400 == 0) {
                    System.out.println("闰年");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("不是闰年");
                }
            } else {
                if (year % 4 == 0) {
                    System.out.println("闰年");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("不是闰年");
                }
            }

        }
        public static void main21 (String[]args){
            int b = 11;
            if (b > 0) {
                System.out.println("正数");
            } else if (b == 0) {
                System.out.println("0");
            } else {
                System.out.println("负数");
            }
        }
        public static void main20 (String[]args){
            int a = 12;
            if (a % 2 == 0) {
                System.out.println(a + "是偶数");
            } else {
                System.out.println(a + "是奇数");
            }
        }

        public static void main19 (String[]args){
//        交换两数的值
            int a = 12;
            int b = 13;
            int t = a;
            a = b;
            b = t;
            System.out.println(a);
            System.out.println(b);

        }
        public static void main18 (String[]args){
            int a = 10;
            int b = 20;
            int max = a > b ? a : b;
            System.out.println(max);
        }