1.数据类型:
2.引用类型举例及其转义字符:
public static void main1 (String[]args){ String str = "小猫";//String是引用类型 String tr = "\"asdf\"";// \"是转义字符,转义为" String t = "\\123\\";// \\转义为\ String sr = "\'qwe\'";// \'转义为' System.out.println(str); System.out.println(tr); System.out.println(t); System.out.println(sr); }
public static void main27(String[] args) { System.out.println("\\\"hello\\\"");// \"hello\" }
3.字符串拼接
public static void main2 (String[]args){ int a = 12; int b = 13; System.out.println("a=" + a + ",b=" + b);//输出为a=12,b=13 System.out.println("a+b=" + (a + b));//a+b=25,不管什么和字符串拼接,类型都变为字符串 String str1 = "ys"; String str2 = "ab"; System.out.println(str1 + str2); System.out.println(str1 + str2 + 10); System.out.println(10 + 30 + str1 + str2);//输出为40ysab,字符串前面是数值,会先进行”加“运算 System.out.println(str1 + str2 + 10 + 30);//输出为ysab1030,在字符串类型中,+号代表拼接 }
} 4.类型转换 public static void main5 (String[]args){ int a = 2; long b = 1; //a=b;报错,大的字节类型转换为小的,要进行强制转换 a = (int) b; float c = 12.5F; //a=c;报错,同字节大小,转换要看数据类型 /*布尔类型的输出值只有true和false,不能和其它类型进行转换, byte类型在赋值时,不能超过其范围,-128——127 */ System.out.println(a); } public static void main4 (String[]args){ final int A = 1; //A=2;会报错,加final,变量变为常量,一般为大写A System.out.println(A); // final int B // System.out.println(B);常量或者变量都要初始化 } public static void main3 (String[]args){ int c = 2; { c = 1; } System.out.println(c);//输出为1 }
public static void main10 (String[]args){ int a = 1; int b = 2; int c = a / b; double d = (double) a / b; System.out.println(c);//0;结果是int类型 System.out.println(d);//0.5 } public static void main9 (String[]args){ String str3 = "12"; int b = Integer.valueOf(str3);//字符串转换为int类型 System.out.println(b); } public static void main8 (String[]args){ int a = 11; String str1 = 11 + "";//将11转换为字符串,方法1 String str2 = String.valueOf(a);//方法2 System.out.println(str1); System.out.println(str2); } public static void main7 (String[]args){ byte a = 12; byte b = 10; byte c = (byte) (a + b); byte d = 12 + 10;//常量不会报错 // byte c=a+b;会报错,byte为1个字节,电脑在处理小于4个字节时,会先将他们提升为4个字节,再运算 /*还有short*/ System.out.println(c); System.out.println(d); } public static void main6 (String[]args){ int a = 10; long b = 11; //int c=a+b;报错,运算过程中会把小的字节类型提升为大的 int c = (int) (a + b); long d = a + b; System.out.println(c); System.out.println(d);
5.运算符
public static void main17 (String[]args){ /* <<左移 ,>>右移 (正数补0,负数补1) ,>>>无符号右移,统统补0 * */ } public static void main16 (String[]args){ // & | ^ ~ 按位运算符,针对二进制 // n^0=n; n^n=0 } public static void main15 (String[]args){ int a = 12; int b = 13; int c = 14; System.out.println(a < b && b < c);//ture,布尔类型,真真为真,真假为假 System.out.println(a < b || b > c);//ture,有一个表达式为真,结果为真 // 可短路 System.out.println(!(a > b));//ture } public static void main14 (String[]args){ int a = 1; int b = 2; System.out.println(a > b);//false System.out.println(a < b);//true System.out.println(a == b);//返回值是布尔类型 System.out.println(a != b); } public static void main13 (String[]args){ int a = 11; // int b=a++; int c = ++a; // System.out.println(b);//11 System.out.println(a);//12 System.out.println(c);//12 a++;//输出结果为12 ++a;//输出结果为12 } public static void main12 (String[]args){ short b = 2; b += 1;//正确,会帮你进行强制类型转换 // b=b+1;报错 int a = 10; a += 1;//a=a+1; System.out.println(b);//3 System.out.println(a);//11 } public static void main11 (String[]args){ System.out.println(10 % -3);//1 System.out.println(-10 % 3);//-1 System.out.println(-10 % -3);//-1 System.out.println(11.5 % 2);//1.5,小数也可以取余 }
6.逻辑运算
public static void main26(String[] args) { int a = 1; switch (a) { case 1: System.out.println("1"); // break; case 2: System.out.println("2"); // break; default: System.out.println("输入错误"); // break; }//不能省略break,输出结果:1 2 输入错误 } public static void main25(String[] args) { int a = 3; switch (a) { case 1: System.out.println("1"); break; case 2: System.out.println("2"); break; default: System.out.println("输入错误"); break; } } public static void main24 (String[]args){ int a = 12; int b = 11; if (a == 10) { if (b == 11) { System.out.println("123"); } else { System.out.println("456"); } } }//什么都没有输出,else和最近的if结合 public static void main23 (String[]args){ int y = 2020; if (y % 100 != 0 && y % 4 == 0 || y % 400 == 0) { System.out.println("闰年"); } else { System.out.println("不是闰年"); } } public static void main22 (String[]args){ int year = 2021; if (year % 100 == 0) { if (year % 400 == 0) { System.out.println("闰年"); } else { System.out.println("不是闰年"); } } else { if (year % 4 == 0) { System.out.println("闰年"); } else { System.out.println("不是闰年"); } } } public static void main21 (String[]args){ int b = 11; if (b > 0) { System.out.println("正数"); } else if (b == 0) { System.out.println("0"); } else { System.out.println("负数"); } } public static void main20 (String[]args){ int a = 12; if (a % 2 == 0) { System.out.println(a + "是偶数"); } else { System.out.println(a + "是奇数"); } } public static void main19 (String[]args){ // 交换两数的值 int a = 12; int b = 13; int t = a; a = b; b = t; System.out.println(a); System.out.println(b); } public static void main18 (String[]args){ int a = 10; int b = 20; int max = a > b ? a : b; System.out.println(max); }