前言
mysql5.7版本中用户管理与以前版本略有不同,在此记录,以备忘
登陆
[root@ver ~]# mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3316 -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
参数说明:
-h: 指定数据库IP地址;
-P: 指定端口,默认的3306时,可以忽略;
-u: 指定登陆用户名;
-p: 使用密码密码(小写,注意与指定端口的大写P区分);
注意:5.7版本不再支持 mysql -u root -ppassword 形式登陆
指定操作数据库
mysql> show databases; # 查看所有数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| fhgk |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> use mysql # 指定当前操作的数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql>
创建数据库
# utf8mb4与utf8的区别是其支持Emoji表情
create database sina default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
创建用户
# 创建用户
mysql> CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
# 删除用户
mysql> DROP USER 'username'@'host';
host参数说明:
% 匹配所有主机
localhost localhost不会被解析成IP地址,直接通过UNIXsocket连接
127.0.0.1 会通过TCP/IP协议连接,并且只能在本机访问;
::1 ::1就是兼容支持ipv6的,表示同ipv4的127.0.0.1
此时还没有授权,只能登陆,无法做其余操作
用户授权
# 用户授权
mysql> grant all privileges ON `databasename`.* TO 'username'@'127.0.0.1';
# 创建用户的同时授权
mysql> grant all privileges on databasename.* to 'username'@'host' identified by '1234';
# 授权刷新
mysql> flush privileges;
# 查看用户拥有权限
mysql> show grants for dev@'%';
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for dev@% |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'dev'@'%' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, ALTER ON `fhgk`.* TO 'dev'@'%' |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 撤消用户授权,撤消要求各参数与授权时使用的一致,可以相查看授权再撤消
mysql> revoke privileges ON databasename.* FROM 'username'@'host';
privileges参数说明:
all privileges: 所有权限;
select: 查询;
insert: 新增记录;
update: 更新记录;
delete: 删除记录;
create: 创建表;
drop: 删除表;
alter: 修改表结构;
index: 索引相关权限;
execute: 执行存储过程与call函数
references: 外键相关;
create temporary tables:创建临时表;
lock tables 锁表;
create view 创建视图;
show view 查看视图结构;
create routine
alter routine:
event:
trigger: 触发器相关;
*databasename.参数说明:
此处可以针对具体的某个库,如:【zjims.】;
也可以针对具体库中的某个对象,如:【zjims.t_user】;
还可以针对所有数据库,如:【.*】;
修改密码
# 修改自己的密码
mysql> set password=password('newpassword');
# 修改别人密码——方法1
mysql> set password for 'username'@'host' = password('newpassword');
# 修改别人密码——方法2: 适用mysql5.7以前的版本,5.7以后的版本中mysql.user表没有了password字段
mysql> update mysq.user set password=password('newpassword') where user='user' and host='host';
# 修改别人密码——方法3:适用mysql5.7
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('newpassword') where user='root';
# 修改别人密码——方法4
mysql> alter user 'test'@'%' identified by 'newpassword';
重置管理员密码
- 停止mysql服务:service mysqld stop 或 ./mysql.server stop;
- 以不检查权限方式启动mysql:./mysqld --skip-grant-tables --user=mysql &;
- 以空密码方式登陆:mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root;
- mysql5.7以前版本——修改root密码:update mysq.user set password=password(‘newpassword’) where user=‘root’;
- mysql5.7以后版本——修改root密码:update mysql.user set authentication_string=password(‘newpassword’) where user=‘root’;(只能用此种update方法修改)
- 刷新权限:flush privileges;
- 关闭mysql:shutdown;
- 以正常方式启动mysql: service mysqld start 或 ./mysql.server start;