Linux下的make命令使用心得

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-13 00:00:00 发布

yu704645129

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-13 00:00:00 发布

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http://blog.csdn.net/qq_29350001/article/details/51886665

1

make menuconfig 是执行makefile里面的menuconfig目标.
如果后面ARCH =arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-的话表明： 编译出来的目标是针对ARM体系结构的。因为是针对ARM体系结构，所以需要使用交叉编译器。使用CROSS_COMPILE=xxx来指定交叉编译器。
CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- 意思是制定交叉编译器为arm-linux-XXX。 如：makefile里面会指定CC为arm-linux-gcc。

2

本文译至：http://d.hatena.ne.jp/embedded/20140829/p1

为了使make命令执行并行处理，-j 选项可以用来指定作业数。

$ make -j4

作业数是在编译的时候指定主机的CPU个数，所以在脚本中写成一个常量很糟糕。（特别是把编译脚本给其他人的时候。）并行处理的作业数和编译的效率直接相关，所以需要设置合适的作业数量。

昨天的文章中在编译perf时，make的任务数能自动设置成CPU的数量。调查了一下它是怎么做的。

linux/tools/perf/Makefile

#
# Do a parallel build with multiple jobs, based on the number of CPUs online
# in this system: 'make -j8' on a 8-CPU system, etc.
#
# (To override it, run 'make JOBS=1' and similar.)
#
ifeq ($(JOBS),)
  JOBS := $(shell grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo 2>/dev/null)
  ifeq ($(JOBS),)
    JOBS := 1
  endif
endif

这种计算了/proc/cpuinfo以processor开头的行的数量。

这里不使用wc命令来计算匹配的行数，而是用grep -c来获取。

这里JOBS是CPU的个数，用这个变量在子进程中使用make命令。

$(MAKE) -f Makefile.perf --no-print-directory -j$(JOBS) O=$(FULL_O) $(SET_DEBUG) $@

关于make时，通过-j参数指定多线程数目

之前在折腾crosstool-ng：

【记录】crosstool为xscale编译(ct-ng build)过程

时，就偶尔看到别人用

ct-ng build.4

意思是多线程去编译

估计底层就是调用的makefile的支持多线程的这个功能。

后来又在别处看到类似的写法了：

Introduction to Cross Compilation

中的：

1	`make` `ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- uImage -j4`

此时，才想到，去查查make的参数：

（此处是在cygwin中）

 
         Administrator@PC-20130611GART  
         /cygdrive/e/Dev_Root 
        
         $  
         make 
         --help 
        
         Usage:  
         make 
         [options] [target] ... 
        
         Options: 
        
         -b, -m                      Ignored  
         for 
         compatibility. 
        
         -B, --always- 
         make           
         Unconditionally  
         make 
         all targets. 
        
         -C DIRECTORY, --directory=DIRECTORY 
        
         Change to DIRECTORY before doing anything. 
        
         -d                          Print lots of debugging information. 
        
         --debug[=FLAGS]             Print various types of debugging information. 
        
         -e, --environment-overrides 
        
         Environment variables override makefiles. 
        
         -- 
         eval 
         =STRING               Evaluate STRING as a makefile statement. 
        
         -f FILE, -- 
         file 
         =FILE, --makefile=FILE 
        
         Read FILE as a makefile. 
        
         -h, --help                  Print this message and  
         exit 
         . 
        
         -i, --ignore-errors         Ignore errors from recipes. 
        
         -I DIRECTORY, --include- 
         dir 
         =DIRECTORY 
        
         Search DIRECTORY  
         for 
         included makefiles. 
        
         -j [N], --jobs[=N]          Allow N jobs at once; infinite jobs with no arg. 
        
         -k, --keep-going            Keep going when some targets can't be made. 
        
         -l [N], --load-average[=N], --max-load[=N] 
        
         Don't start multiple jobs unless load is below N. 
        
         -L, --check- 
         symlink 
         - 
         times   
         Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target. 
        
         -n, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon 
        
         Don't actually run any recipe; just print them. 
        
         -o FILE, --old- 
         file 
         =FILE, --assume-old=FILE 
        
         Consider FILE to be very old and don't remake it. 
        
         -p, --print-data-base       Print  
         make 
         's internal database. 
        
         -q, --question              Run no recipe;  
         exit 
         status says  
         if 
         up to  
         date 
         . 
        
         -r, --no- 
         builtin 
         -rules      Disable the built- 
         in 
         implicit rules. 
        
         -R, --no- 
         builtin 
         -variables  Disable the built- 
         in 
         variable settings. 
        
         -s, --silent, --quiet       Don't  
         echo 
         recipes. 
        
         -S, --no-keep-going, --stop 
        
         Turns off -k. 
        
         -t, -- 
         touch                 
         Touch targets instead of remaking them. 
        
         --trace                     Print tracing information. 
        
         - 
         v 
         , --version               Print the version number of  
         make 
         and  
         exit 
         . 
        
         -w, --print-directory       Print the current directory. 
        
         --no-print-directory        Turn off -w, even  
         if 
         it was turned on implicitly. 
        
         -W FILE, --what- 
         if 
         =FILE, --new- 
         file 
         =FILE, --assume-new=FILE 
        
         Consider FILE to be infinitely new. 
        
         --warn-undefined-variables  Warn when an undefined variable is referenced. 
        
         This program built  
         for 
         i686-pc-cygwin 
        
         Report bugs to <bug- 
         make 
         @gnu.org> 
        
         Administrator@PC-20130611GART  
         /cygdrive/e/Dev_Root 
        
         $

果然对应的-j==–jobs，指的是多线程的意思：

-j [N], –jobs[=N] Allow N jobs at once; infinite jobs with no arg.

用法即：

1	`make` `–j 4`

或

1	`make` `–jobs=4`

make加上-s，表示silent，不输出详细log信息

之前折腾：

【记录】尝试用QEMU模拟ARM开发板去加载并运行Uboot，kernel，rootfs

参考的：

Virtual Development Board

中就用到：

1

2

3

 
         sudo 
         make 
         install 
         -s 
        
         make 
         ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- versatile_defconfig -s 
        
         make 
         ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- uImage -s

其中的-s参数，之前就猜测是silent的意思。

根本上面的–help输出的信息，果然是：

-s, –silent, –quiet Don’t echo recipes.

-f指定makefile文件

之前就知道的，可以通过-f指定特定的makefile文件的。

背景是：

当执行make时，默认会去（当前文件夹下）找名为Makefile的文件

如果此处你需要去运行特定文件名的makefile文件，比如my.mk

那么就可以通过-f去指定：

1	`make` `–f my.mk`

即可。

make help可以用来查看当前支持哪些目标

咋不行？？

一般来说，多数的makefile文件，除了最常见的make all，make clean等最常见的目标之外，往往都会有自己不同的目标供执行，即：

make xxx

make yyy

等等。

而想要去查看，有哪些xxx和yyy供你使用，可以通过make help去查看。

举例：

最近折腾的：

【记录】Ubuntu下为QEMU的arm平台交叉编译BusyBox

中的make help的输出，就是：

 
         crifan@ubuntu:busybox-1.16.0$  
         make 
         help 
        
         Cleaning: 
        
         clean         - delete temporary files created by build 
        
         distclean     - delete all non- 
         source 
         files (including .config) 
        
         doc-clean     - delete all generated documentation 
        
         Build: 
        
         all           - Executable and documentation 
        
         busybox       - the swiss-army executable 
        
         doc           - docs 
         /BusyBox 
         .{txt,html,1} 
        
         html          - create html-based cross-reference 
        
         Configuration: 
        
         allnoconfig       - disable all symbols  
         in 
         .config 
        
         allyesconfig      -  
         enable 
         all symbols  
         in 
         .config (see defconfig) 
        
         config        - text based configurator (of last resort) 
        
         defconfig     -  
         set 
         .config to largest generic configuration 
        
         menuconfig        - interactive curses-based configurator 
        
         oldconfig     - resolve any unresolved symbols  
         in 
         .config 
        
         hosttools         - build  
         sed 
         for 
         the host. 
        
         You can use these commands  
         if 
         the commands on the host 
        
         is unusable. Afterwards use it like: 
        
         make 
         SED= 
         "/home/crifan/develop/embedded/qemu/rootfs/busybox/busybox-1.16.0/sed" 
        
         Installation: 
        
         install       
         -  
         install 
         busybox into CONFIG_PREFIX 
        
         uninstall 
        
         Development: 
        
         baseline      - create busybox_old  
         for 
         bloatcheck. 
        
         bloatcheck        - show size difference between old and new versions 
        
         check         - run the  
         test 
         suite  
         for 
         all applets 
        
         checkhelp     - check  
         for 
         missing help-entries  
         in 
         Config. 
         in 
        
         randconfig        - generate a random configuration 
        
         release       - create a distribution tarball 
        
         sizes         - show size of all enabled busybox symbols 
        
         objsizes      - show size of each .o object built 
        
         bigdata       - show data objects, biggest first 
        
         stksizes      - show stack  
         users 
         , biggest first

如此，就知道了：

当前的busybox的makefile中，支持如此多的目标，而想要查看当前busybox的各种stack信息，就可以去试试那个stksizes了：

 
         crifan@ubuntu:busybox-1.16.0$  
         make 
         ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi- stksizes 
        
         arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi-objdump -d busybox_unstripped |  
         /home/crifan/develop/embedded/qemu/rootfs/busybox/busybox-1 
         .16.0 
         /scripts/checkstack 
         .pl arm |  
         uniq 
        
         buffered_vfprintf [busybox_unstripped]:         8384 
        
         phys_pages_info [busybox_unstripped]:           8192 
        
         __get_nprocs [busybox_unstripped]:          8192 
        
         __res_vinit [busybox_unstripped]:           8192 
        
         _IO_wfile_seekoff [busybox_unstripped]:         4224 
        
         __unix_grantpt [busybox_unstripped]:            4224 
        
         _IO_vfwprintf [busybox_unstripped]:         4224 
        
         grantpt [busybox_unstripped]:               4160 
        
         bb_full_fd_action [busybox_unstripped]:         4096 
        
         find_list_entry2 [busybox_unstripped]:          4096 
        
         readlink_main [busybox_unstripped]:         4096 
        
         pid_is_exec [busybox_unstripped]:           4096 
        
         execle [busybox_unstripped]:                4096 
        
         execl [busybox_unstripped]:             4096 
        
         execlp [busybox_unstripped]:                4096 
        
         _dl_get_origin [busybox_unstripped]:            4096 
        
         ipaddr_list_or_flush [busybox_unstripped]:      3664 
        
         iproute_list_or_flush [busybox_unstripped]:     3648 
        
         __c32 [busybox_unstripped]:             3600 
        
         buffered_vfprintf [busybox_unstripped]:         3302 
        
         __mpatan [busybox_unstripped]:              2976 
        
         fallbackSort [busybox_unstripped]:          2928 
        
         atan2Mp.constprop.0 [busybox_unstripped]:       2304 
        
         __mpsqrt [busybox_unstripped]:              2304 
        
         __slowpow [busybox_unstripped]:             2304 
        
         cal_main [busybox_unstripped]:              2288 
        
         internal_fnmatch [busybox_unstripped]:          2144 
        
         doCommands [busybox_unstripped]:            2112 
        
         __slowexp [busybox_unstripped]:             1984 
        
         __mpexp [busybox_unstripped]:               1984 
        
         normalized [busybox_unstripped]:            1968 
        
         get_next_block [busybox_unstripped]:            1968 
        
         identify_from_stdin [busybox_unstripped]:       1792 
        
         __ieee754_log [busybox_unstripped]:         1648 
        
         huft_build [busybox_unstripped]:            1488 
        
         iproute_modify [busybox_unstripped]:            1376 
        
         svc_getreq_common [busybox_unstripped]:         1328 
        
         __mpatan2 [busybox_unstripped]:             1312 
        
         inflate_block [busybox_unstripped]:         1296 
        
         _IO_vfprintf [busybox_unstripped]:          1296 
        
         __libc_message [busybox_unstripped]:            1280 
        
         getlogin_r [busybox_unstripped]:            1280 
        
         mainQSort3.constprop.2 [busybox_unstripped]:        1264 
        
         __gettextparse [busybox_unstripped]:            1248 
        
         iproute_get [busybox_unstripped]:           1184 
        
         rx_main [busybox_unstripped]:               1152 
        
         ether_wake_main [busybox_unstripped]:           1152 
        
         procps_scan [busybox_unstripped]:           1152 
        
         unwind_phase2_forced [busybox_unstripped]:      1152 
        
         build_trtable [busybox_unstripped]:         1126 
        
         wget_main [busybox_unstripped]:             1120 
        
         iprule_modify [busybox_unstripped]:         1120 
        
         getopt32 [busybox_unstripped]:              1104 
        
         _svcauth_des [busybox_unstripped]:          1088 
        
         two_way_long_needle [busybox_unstripped]:       1056 
        
         ether_hostton [busybox_unstripped]:         1056 
        
         check_existence_through_netlink [busybox_unstripped]:   1040 
        
         two_way_long_needle [busybox_unstripped]:       1040 
        
         clnt_sperror [busybox_unstripped]:          1040 
        
         clnt_spcreateerror [busybox_unstripped]:        1040 
        
         _dl_signal_error [busybox_unstripped]:          1040 
        
         internal_fnwmatch [busybox_unstripped]:         1030 
        
         bad_zone [busybox_unstripped]:              1024 
        
         get_dirsize [busybox_unstripped]:           1024 
        
         map_block2 [busybox_unstripped]:            1024 
        
         map_block [busybox_unstripped]:             1024 
        
         addLines [busybox_unstripped]:              1024 
        
         getNum [busybox_unstripped]:                1024 
        
         perror_internal [busybox_unstripped]:           1024 
        
         __getmntent_r [busybox_unstripped]:         1024 
        
         __mpsin [busybox_unstripped]:               996 
        
         __mpcos [busybox_unstripped]:               996 
        
         __mpsin1 [busybox_unstripped]:              992 
        
         __mpcos1 [busybox_unstripped]:              992 
        
         __sin32 [busybox_unstripped]:               988 
        
         __cos32 [busybox_unstripped]:               988 
        
         __mpranred [busybox_unstripped]:            988 
        
         __mplog [busybox_unstripped]:               984 
        
         udhcpc_main [busybox_unstripped]:           884 
        
         dhcprelay_main [busybox_unstripped]:            836 
        
         udhcpd_main [busybox_unstripped]:           824 
        
         sha512_process_block128 [busybox_unstripped]:       812 
        
         glob_in_dir [busybox_unstripped]:           804 
        
         init_exec [busybox_unstripped]:             788 
        
         write_wtmp [busybox_unstripped]:            780 
        
         nfsmount [busybox_unstripped]:              732 
        
         do_tunnels_list [busybox_unstripped]:           724 
        
         print_tunnel [busybox_unstripped]:          712 
        
         pututline_file [busybox_unstripped]:            708 
        
         if_readlist_proc [busybox_unstripped]:          696 
        
         udhcp_send_raw_packet [busybox_unstripped]:     692 
        
         arp_show [busybox_unstripped]:              684 
        
         __inv [busybox_unstripped]:             664 
        
         __gnu_Unwind_Backtrace [busybox_unstripped]:        664 
        
         udhcp_recv_raw_packet [busybox_unstripped]:     660 
        
         print_login_issue [busybox_unstripped]:         656 
        
         send_ACK [busybox_unstripped]:              644 
        
         send_release [busybox_unstripped]:          644 
        
         send_offer [busybox_unstripped]:            640 
        
         send_renew [busybox_unstripped]:            640 
        
         send_NAK [busybox_unstripped]:              636 
        
         send_discover [busybox_unstripped]:         636 
        
         send_inform [busybox_unstripped]:           632 
        
         send_decline [busybox_unstripped]:          632 
        
         send_select [busybox_unstripped]:           632 
        
         ash_main [busybox_unstripped]:              632 
        
         dnsd_main [busybox_unstripped]:             604 
        
         _dl_start_profile [busybox_unstripped]:         604 
        
         sha_crypt [busybox_unstripped]:             596 
        
         __gnu_Unwind_RaiseException [busybox_unstripped]:   580 
        
         _dl_map_object [busybox_unstripped]:            580 
        
         inetd_main [busybox_unstripped]:            576 
        
         readtoken1 [busybox_unstripped]:            572 
        
         _dl_debug_vdprintf [busybox_unstripped]:        556 
        
         process_dev [busybox_unstripped]:           544 
        
         get_header_tar [busybox_unstripped]:            540 
        
         uname_main [busybox_unstripped]:            540 
        
         last_main [busybox_unstripped]:             532 
        
         glob_in_dir [busybox_unstripped]:           532 
        
         dir_act [busybox_unstripped]:               524 
        
         retrieve_file_data [busybox_unstripped]:        524 
        
         log_option [busybox_unstripped]:            524 
        
         gaih_inet [busybox_unstripped]:             520 
        
         readprofile_main [busybox_unstripped]:          516 
        
         writeTarHeader [busybox_unstripped]:            516 
        
         _IO_vfscanf [busybox_unstripped]:           516 
        
         handle_net_output [busybox_unstripped]:         512 
        
         writeLongname [busybox_unstripped]:         512 
        
         getnameinfo [busybox_unstripped]:           484 
        
         print_addrinfo [busybox_unstripped]:            480 
        
         _nl_load_locale_from_archive [busybox_unstripped]:  460 
        
         read_alias_file [busybox_unstripped]:           460 
        
         _dl_discover_osversion [busybox_unstripped]:        460 
        
         authunix_create [busybox_unstripped]:           456 
        
         login_main [busybox_unstripped]:            452 
        
         print_route [busybox_unstripped]:           444 
        
         evalfun [busybox_unstripped]:               440 
        
         _dl_catch_error [busybox_unstripped]:           440 
        
         brctl_main [busybox_unstripped]:            420 
        
         evalbltin.isra.1 [busybox_unstripped]:          420 
        
         evaltree [busybox_unstripped]:              420 
        
         setvarsafe [busybox_unstripped]:            416 
        
         redirectsafe [busybox_unstripped]:          416 
        
         crond_main [busybox_unstripped]:            412 
        
         modprobe_main [busybox_unstripped]:         412 
        
         ipaddr_modify [busybox_unstripped]:         412 
        
         scan_proc_net [busybox_unstripped]:         412 
        
         _Unwind_VRS_Pop [busybox_unstripped]:           412 
        
         __sleep [busybox_unstripped]:               408 
        
         ____strtod_l_internal [busybox_unstripped]:     404 
        
         exitshell [busybox_unstripped]:             404 
        
         bb_ask [busybox_unstripped]:                404 
        
         get_linux_version_code [busybox_unstripped]:        396 
        
         safe_gethostname [busybox_unstripped]:          396 
        
         safe_getdomainname [busybox_unstripped]:        396 
        
         getdomainname [busybox_unstripped]:         396 
        
         runsv_main [busybox_unstripped]:            392 
        
         __gethostname [busybox_unstripped]:         392 
        
         update_utmp [busybox_unstripped]:           384 
        
         print_rule [busybox_unstripped]:            384 
        
         parse_config_file [busybox_unstripped]:         380 
        
         reread_config_file [busybox_unstripped]:        380 
        
         set_loop [busybox_unstripped]:              380 
        
         fbset_main [busybox_unstripped]:            372 
        
         find_block_device [busybox_unstripped]:         372 
        
         arping_main [busybox_unstripped]:           364 
        
         _IO_vdprintf [busybox_unstripped]:          364 
        
         md5_crypt [busybox_unstripped]:             356 
        
         passwd_main [busybox_unstripped]:           348 
        
         __mbsrtowcs_l [busybox_unstripped]:         348 
        
         list_devs_in_proc_partititons [busybox_unstripped]: 344 
        
         sha1_process_block64 [busybox_unstripped]:      340 
        
         __glob64 [busybox_unstripped]:              340 
        
         display_process_list [busybox_unstripped]:      332 
        
         __wcsrtombs [busybox_unstripped]:           332 
        
         INET6_displayroutes [busybox_unstripped]:       328 
        
         __dvd [busybox_unstripped]:             328 
        
         mainSort [busybox_unstripped]:              324 
        
         __mbsnrtowcs [busybox_unstripped]:          324 
        
         __ttyname_r [busybox_unstripped]:           324 
        
         glob [busybox_unstripped]:              324 
        
         sulogin_main [busybox_unstripped]:          316 
        
         makedevs_main [busybox_unstripped]:         316 
        
         re_compile_fastmap_iter.isra.40 [busybox_unstripped]:   316 
        
         do_lzo_decompress [busybox_unstripped]:         312 
        
         do_system [busybox_unstripped]:             312 
        
         do_lzo_compress [busybox_unstripped]:           308 
        
         updwtmp_file [busybox_unstripped]:          308 
        
         getutline_r_file [busybox_unstripped]:          308 
        
         correct_password [busybox_unstripped]:          304 
        
         __libc_start_main [busybox_unstripped]:         304 
        
         telnetd_main [busybox_unstripped]:          300 
        
         read_line_input [busybox_unstripped]:           300 
        
         re_search_internal [busybox_unstripped]:        300 
        
         internal_getut_r [busybox_unstripped]:          300 
        
         crifan@ubuntu:busybox-1.16.0$

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Linux下的make命令使用心得

http://blog.csdn.net/qq_29350001/article/details/518866651make menuconfig 是执行makefile里面的menuconfig目标.如果后面ARCH =arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-的话表明：编译出来的目标是针对ARM体系结构的。因为是针对ARM体系结构，所以需要使用交叉编译器。使用CR
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