达梦数据库常用sql语句大全

一、对象操作相关sql

1.查看表占用空间:
SELECT TABLE_USED_PAGES('模式名', '表名') * PARA_VALUE / 1024 / 1024 "USER_USED_SPACE(MB)"
  FROM V$DM_INI
 WHERE PARA_NAME LIKE 'GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE';
2.拼接sql,批量删除模式下的表:
select  'drop table SYSDBA."' 
|| A .TABLE_NAME
||' ;' 
FROM DBA_TABLES A WHERE OWNER='SYSDBA';
3.查找一个表属于哪个用户;
select * from dba_tables  where TABLE_NAME='表名';
4.查询某一模式下的所有表名
select TABLE_NAME from dba_tables where owner='SYSDBA';
5.查询数据库中所有用户及状态
select username, ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users ;
6.查询当前用户拥有哪些角色;
select grantee,granted_role from dba_role_privs where grantee='用户名';
7.查询当前角色下有哪些权限;
select grantee,privilege from dba_sys_privs where grantee='角色名';
8.查询数据库是否兼容其他数据库模式
select * from v$dm_ini where "V$DM_INI".PARA_NAME='COMPATIBLE_MODE';

查询结果为0,表示不兼容;
2:部分兼容 ORACLE,
3:部 分兼容 MS SQL SERVER,
4:部分兼容 MYSQL

9.修改数据库当前兼容模式

见上一条,如果修改为部分兼容 MYSQL;

sp_set_para_value(2,'COMPATIBLE_MODE',4);

见上一条,如果修改为部分兼容 ORACLE;

sp_set_para_value(2,'COMPATIBLE_MODE',2);

修改以后重启数据库实例服务生效;

10.查询表上的唯一索引对应的列

修改PRODUCT_VENDOR为对应的表名

select
        column_name
FROM
        dba_ind_columns
where
        index_name in
        (
                select
                        index_name
                from
                        dba_indexes
                where
                        table_name ='PRODUCT_VENDOR'
                    and uniqueness = 'UNIQUE'
        );
11.查询对应表的主键字段列

---查询MEETING_COPY表主键对应的字段列
select
        column_name
FROM
        dba_ind_columns
where
        index_name in
        (
                select
                        INDEX_NAME
                from
                        ALL_CONSTRAINTS
                where
                        constraint_type='P'
                    AND TABLE_NAME     ='MEETING_COPY'
        )
12.查询SYSDBA模式下含有CJSJ列的表的表名
select
        table_name
from
        dba_tables where owner='SYSDBA'
    AND table_name    in
        (
                select
                        b.name
                from
                        syscolumns a
                left join sysobjects b
                on
                        a.id=b.id
                where
                        a.name='CJSJ'
               and
                        SCHID=(select ID
                from
                        sysobjects
                where
                        type$='SCH'
                    and name ='SYSDBA'
        )
)
13.查询表中字段类型为TIMESTAMP的字段有哪些
select COLUMN_NAME from  USER_TAB_COLUMNS 
where 
table_name='SYS_MENU' 
and 
data_type='TIMESTAMP';
14.根据表名查询表中字段的相关信息
    select
                        a.name as 字段名,
                        a.type$
                        ||'('
                        ||a.LENGTH$
                        ||')'      as 字段类型,
                        b.COMMENT$ as 字段注释,
                        case
                                        (
                                                select count(*) from DBA_IND_COLUMNS c where a.name=c.COLUMN_NAME
                                        ) when 0                THEN '否' else '是' end as 是否有索引,
                        case              when a.NULLABLE$ ='N' then '否' else '是' end as 是否可为空,
                        a.DEFVAL                                                      as 默认值
                from
                        SYSCOLUMNS a
                left join SYSCOLUMNCOMMENTS b
                on
                        a.name=b.colname
                where
                        a.id in
                        (
                                select
                                        id
                                from
                                        sysobjects
                                where
                                        TYPE$   ='SCHOBJ'
                                    AND SUBTYPE$='UTAB'
                                    and NAME    ='表名'
                        )
15.获取表定义
----获取SYSDBA模式下C_TIME表的表定义
CALL SP_TABLEDEF('SYSDBA', 'C_TIME');
16.查询存储过程是否有效
----查询SYSDBA模式下PRO_TEST1存储过程是否有效
select VALID,* from
        sysobjects
where
        SYSOBJECTS."SUBTYPE$"='PROC'
        and name='PRO_TEST1'
    AND SCHID               in
        (
                select id from sysobjects where type$='SCH' AND NAME='SYSDBA'
        );

二、优化相关sql

1.更新模式下统计信息:
DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS( 
'模式名',
100, 
FALSE, 
'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');
2.更新单表统计信息:
SP_TAB_STAT_INIT('模式名','表名');
 或者 
DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('模式名','表名',NULL,100,TRUE,'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO')
3.更新单列统计信息:
  STAT 100 ON 表名(列名);
  sp_col_stat_init('模式名','表名','列名');
  sp_tab_col_stat_init('模式名','表名');
4.查询慢sql:
select datediff(ss,sysdate,last_send_time) a,
       SF_GET_SESSION_SQL(SESS_ID) ,--获取完整sql
        sess_id ,
        sess_seq ,
        sql_text ,
        state ,
        seq_no ,
        user_name ,
        trx_id ,
        create_time,
        clnt_ip
        
from
        v$sessions 
where state='ACTIVE' and sess_id != sessid 
order by a;
5.查询阻塞锁
select * from v$lock where blocked=1;
6.查询锁等待
select * from v$trxwait;
7.按照耗时排序查询慢sql
select timestampdiff(ss,LAST_RECV_TIME,sysdate),sf_get_session_sql(sess_id),* 
from SYS."V$SESSIONS"
where sess_id<>sessid
order by 6 asc,1 desc;
8.查询死锁涉及的事务信息
select
        dh.trx_id ,
        sh.sess_id,
        wm_concat(top_sql_text)
from
        V$DEADLOCK_HISTORY dh,
        V$SQL_HISTORY sh
where
        dh.trx_id =sh.trx_id
    and dh.sess_id=sh.sess_id
group by
        dh.trx_id,
        sh.sess_id

三、 其他常用sql

1.初始化代理环境:
 SP_INIT_JOB_SYS(1);
2.授权激活:
sp_load_lic_info();
3.查询数据库使用的字符集
SELECT sf_get_unicode_flag()

结果为1,表示字符集为utf-8;
结果为0,表示字符集为gbk;

4.查询数据库大小写是否敏感
select sf_get_case_sensitive_flag()

结果为1,表示大小写敏感;
结果为0,表示大小写不敏感;

5.查询varchar类型是否以字符为单位
select sf_get_length_in_char()

结果为1,表示以字符为单位;
结果为0,表示以字节为单位;

6.清理归档:
SF_ARCHIVELOG_DELETE_BEFORE_TIME(SYSDATE - 15);
7.查看用户会话空闲时间,登录失败次数限制
select  
        a.ID         as 用户ID,
        b.name as 用户名,
        CONN_IDLE_TIME as 用户会话的最大空闲时间,
        FAILED_NUM as 用户登录失败次数限制,
        SESS_PER_USER,
        LOCK_TIME as 用户口令锁定时间
from
        SYSUSERS a,sysobjects b
        where a.id=b.id
        
8.查询用户的会话持续期以及会话使用cpu时间上限
select
        a.ID   as 用户ID,
        b.name as 用户名,
        a.INFO1 as 会话持续期,
        a.CPU_PER_SESSION as 会话使用cpu时间上限
from
        SYSRESOURCES a,
        sysobjects b
where
        a.id=b.id

9.查询数据库有哪些定时任务及信息
select * from SYSJOB.SYSJOBS
10查询数据库最近的10次定时任务执行情况
select * from SYSJOB.SYSJOBHISTORIES2 
order by start_time 
limit 10;

欢迎关注达梦云适配中心

第1章结构化查询语言DM_SQL简介 ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 DM_SQL语言的特点 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 保留字与标识符 ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 DM_SQL语言的功能及语句 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.4 DM_SQL所支持的数据类型 ..................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 常规数据类型 .................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.2 日期时间数据类型 ............................................................................................................ 6 1.4.3 多媒体数据类型 ................................................................................................................ 9 1.4.4 数据类型别名 .................................................................................................................... 9 1.5 DM_SQL语言支持的表达式 ..................................................................................................... 9 1.5.1 数值表达式 ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.5.2 字符串表达式 .................................................................................................................. 11 1.5.3 时间值表达式 .................................................................................................................. 12 1.5.4 时间间隔值表达式 .......................................................................................................... 13 1.5.5 运算符的优先级 .............................................................................................................. 14 1.6 DM_SQL语言支持的数据库模式 ........................................................................................... 15 第2章本手册中的实例说明 ............................................................................................................... 16 2.1 实例库说明 .............................................................................................................................. 16 2.2 参考脚本 ................................................................................................................................. 24 第3章数据定义语句 ........................................................................................................................... 42 3.1 数据库定义语句 ...................................................................................................................... 42 3.2 数据库修改语句 ...................................................................................................................... 44 3.3 数据库删除语句 ...................................................................................................................... 46 3.4 设置当前数据库语句 .............................................................................................................. 46 3.5 登录定义语句 .......................................................................................................................... 47 3.6 登录修改语句 .......................................................................................................................... 51 3.7 登录删除语句 .......................................................................................................................... 53 3.8 用户定义语句 .......................................................................................................................... 53 3.9 用户修改语句 .......................................................................................................................... 54 3.10 用户删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 54 3.11 模式定义语句 ........................................................................................................................ 55 3.12 设置当前模式语句 ................................................................................................................ 56 3.13 模式删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 57 3.14 基表定义语句 ........................................................................................................................ 57 3.15 基表修改语句 ........................................................................................................................ 68 3.16 基表删除语句 ..................................................................................................................... 74 3.17 全表删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 75 3.18 索引定义语句 ........................................................................................................................ 76 3.19 索引删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 78 3.20 序列定义语句 ........................................................................................................................ 79 3.21 序列删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 80 3.22 全文索引定义语句 ................................................................................................................ 81 3.23 全文索引修改语句 ................................................................................................................ 81 3.24 全文索引删除语句 ................................................................................................................ 82 II 3.25 数据库快照定义语句 ............................................................................................................ 83 3.26 数据库快照删除语句 ............................................................................................................ 84 第4章数据查询语句和全文检索语句 ............................................................................................... 85 4.1 单表查询 ................................................................................................................................. 91 4.1.1 简单查询 .......................................................................................................................... 91 4.1.2 带条件查询 ...................................................................................................................... 92 4.1.3 集函数 .............................................................................................................................. 94 4.1.4 情况表达式 ...................................................................................................................... 96 4.2 连接查询 ................................................................................................................................. 98 4.3 子查询 ................................................................................................................................... 105 4.3.1 标量子查询 .................................................................................................................... 106 4.3.2 表子查询 ........................................................................................................................ 107 4.3.3 派生表子查询 ................................................................................................................ 109 4.3.4 定量比较 ........................................................................................................................ 110 4.3.5 带EXISTS谓词的子查询 ............................................................................................... 111 4.3.6 多列表子查询 ................................................................................................................ 112 4.4 查询结果的合并 .....................................................................................................................113 4.5 GROUP BY和HAVING子句 ...................................................................................................114 4.5.1 GROUP BY子句的使用 ................................................................................................. 114 4.5.2 HAVING子句的使用 ...................................................................................................... 115 4.6 ORDER BY子句 ......................................................................................................................116 4.7 选取前几条数据 .....................................................................................................................117 4.8 选取其中几条数据 .................................................................................................................117 4.9 全文检索 ................................................................................................................................118 4.10 层次查询 .............................................................................................................................. 120 4.10.1 层次查询子句 .............................................................................................................. 120 4.10.2 层次查询相关伪列 ...................................................................................................... 121 4.10.3 层次查询相关操作符 .................................................................................................. 121 4.10.4 层次查询相关函数 ...................................................................................................... 121 4.11 查看执行计划 ...................................................................................................................... 125 第5章数据的插入、删除和修改 ..................................................................................................... 126 5.1 数据插入语句 ........................................................................................................................ 126 5.2 数据修改语句 ........................................................................................................................ 129 5.3 数据删除语句 ........................................................................................................................ 130 5.4 伪列的使用 ............................................................................................................................ 131 5.4.1 ROWID ........................................................................................................................... 131 5.4.2 UID和USER .................................................................................................................... 132 5.4.3 ROWNUM ...................................................................................................................... 132 5.5 DM自增列的使用 ................................................................................................................... 132 5.5.1 DM自增列定义 ............................................................................................................... 132 5.5.2 SET IDENTITY_INSERT 属性 ..................................................................................... 133 第6章视图 ........................................................................................................................................ 136 6.1 视图的作用 .......................................................................................................................... 136 6.2 视图的定义 ............................................................................................................................ 137 6.3 视图的删除 ............................................................................................................................ 139 6.4 视图的查询 ............................................................................................................................ 140 III 6.5 视图数据的更新 .................................................................................................................... 141 第7章嵌入式SQL ............................................................................................................................. 143 7.1 SQL前缀和终结符 ................................................................................................................. 143 7.2 宿主变量 ............................................................................................................................... 143 7.2.1 输入和输出变量 ............................................................................................................ 144 7.2.2 指示符变量 .................................................................................................................... 145 7.3 服务器登录与退出 ................................................................................................................ 145 7.3.1 登录服务器 .................................................................................................................... 145 7.3.2 退出服务器 .................................................................................................................... 146 7.4 游标的定义与操纵 ................................................................................................................ 146 7.4.1 定义游标语句 ................................................................................................................ 147 7.4.2 打开游标语句 ................................................................................................................ 147 7.4.3 拨动游标语句 ................................................................................................................ 148 7.4.4 关闭游标语句 ................................................................................................................ 150 7.4.5 关于可更新游标 ............................................................................................................ 150 7.4.6 游标定位删除语句 ........................................................................................................ 150 7.4.7 游标定位修改语句 ........................................................................................................ 151 7.5 单元组查询语句 .................................................................................................................... 152 7.6 动态SQL ............................................................................................................................... 153 7.6.1 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE立即执行语句 ........................................................................ 154 7.6.2 PREPARE准备语句 ........................................................................................................ 155 7.6.3 EXCUTE执行语句 ......................................................................................................... 155 7.7 异常处理 ............................................................................................................................... 156 第8章函数 ........................................................................................................................................ 157 8.1 数值函数 ............................................................................................................................... 166 8.2 字符串函数 ............................................................................................................................ 173 8.3 日期时间函数 ........................................................................................................................ 184 8.4 空值判断函数 ........................................................................................................................ 193 8.5 类型转换函数 ........................................................................................................................ 194 8.6 杂类函数 ............................................................................................................................... 195 8.7 系统函数 ............................................................................................................................... 196 8.8 存储加密函数 ........................................................................................................................ 215 8.9 标记处理函数 ........................................................................................................................ 222 8.10 备份恢复函数 ...................................................................................................................... 223 8.11 附加分离数据库 .................................................................................................................. 230 第9章一致性和并发性 ..................................................................................................................... 233 9.1 DM事务相关语句 ................................................................................................................... 233 9.1.1 事务的开始 .................................................................................................................... 233 9.1.2 事务的结束 .................................................................................................................... 233 9.1.3 保存点相关语句 ............................................................................................................ 234 9.1.4 设置事务隔离级及读写特性 ........................................................................................ 235 9.2 DM手动上锁语句 ................................................................................................................... 236 第10章存储模块 ............................................................................................................................... 238 10.1 存储模块的定义 .................................................................................................................. 238 10.2 存储模块的删除 .................................................................................................................. 246 10.3 存储模块的控制语句 .......................................................................................................... 247 IV 10.3.1 语句块 .......................................................................................................................... 247 10.3.2 赋值语句 ...................................................................................................................... 249 10.3.3 条件语句 ...................................................................................................................... 249 10.3.4 循环语句 ...................................................................................................................... 250 10.3.5 EXIT语句 ...................................................................................................................... 252 10.3.6 调用语句 ...................................................................................................................... 253 10.3.7 RETURN语句 ............................................................................................................... 255 10.3.8 NULL语句 .................................................................................................................... 255 10.3.9 GOTO语句 .................................................................................................................... 255 10.3.10 RAISE语句 ................................................................................................................. 256 10.3.11 打印语句 .................................................................................................................... 256 10.4 存储模块的异常处理 .......................................................................................................... 256 10.4.1 异常变量的说明 .......................................................................................................... 257 10.4.2 异常的抛出 .................................................................................................................. 257 10.4.3 异常处理器 .................................................................................................................. 257 10.4.4 异常处理用法举例 ...................................................................................................... 257 10.5 存储模块的SQL语句 .......................................................................................................... 259 10.5.1 游标 .............................................................................................................................. 259 10.5.2 动态SQL ...................................................................................................................... 260 10.5.3 游标变量 ...................................................................................................................... 261 10.5.4 返回查询结果集 .......................................................................................................... 261 10.5.5 SQL语句应用举例 ........................................................................................................ 261 10.6 客户端存储模块 .................................................................................................................. 264 10.7 子过程、子函数 .................................................................................................................. 265 10.7.1 子过程 .......................................................................................................................... 265 10.7.2 子函数 .......................................................................................................................... 266 10.8 %TYPE、%ROWTYPE ....................................................................................................... 266 10.8.1 %TYPE .......................................................................................................................... 266 10.8.2 %ROWTYPE ................................................................................................................ 267 10.9 记录类型 .............................................................................................................................. 267 10.9.1 记录类型定义 .............................................................................................................. 267 10.9.2 记录赋值 ...................................................................................................................... 268 第11章触发器 .................................................................................................................................. 270 11.1 触发器的定义 ...................................................................................................................... 270 11.1.1 触发器类型 .................................................................................................................. 277 11.1.2 触发器激发顺序 .......................................................................................................... 279 11.1.3 新、旧行值的引用 ...................................................................................................... 280 11.1.4 触发器谓词 .................................................................................................................. 281 11.1.5 变异表 .......................................................................................................................... 282 11.1.6 设计触发器的原则 ...................................................................................................... 283 11.2 触发器的删除 ...................................................................................................................... 284 11.3 禁止和允许触发器 .............................................................................................................. 284 11.4 触发器应用举例 .................................................................................................................. 286 11.4.1 使用触发器实现审计功能 .......................................................................................... 286 11.4.2 使用触发器维护数据完整性 ...................................................................................... 286 11.4.3 使用触发器保障数据安全性 ...................................................................................... 287 V 11.4.4 使用触发器派生字段值 .............................................................................................. 288 第12章DM安全管理 ..................................................................................................................... 289 12.1 创建角色语句 ...................................................................................................................... 289 12.2 删除角色语句 ...................................................................................................................... 290 12.3 授权语句(数据库权限) ....................................................................................................... 290 12.4 授权语句(对象权限) ........................................................................................................... 291 12.5 授权语句(角色权限) ........................................................................................................... 295 12.6 回收权限语句(数据库权限) ............................................................................................... 295 12.7 回收权限语句(对象权限) ................................................................................................... 297 12.8 回收权限语句(角色权限) ................................................................................................... 299 12.9 策略与标记管理 .................................................................................................................. 300 12.9.1 创建策略 ...................................................................................................................... 300 12.9.2 修改策略 ...................................................................................................................... 300 12.9.3 删除策略 ...................................................................................................................... 302 12.9.4 安全标记 ...................................................................................................................... 302 12.9.5 用户标记设置语句 ...................................................................................................... 303 12.9.6 表标记设置语句 .......................................................................................................... 306 12.10 审计设置语句 .................................................................................................................... 308 12.11 审计取消语句 .................................................................................................................... 312 12.12 审计信息查阅语句 ............................................................................................................ 314 12.13 审计分析 ............................................................................................................................ 314 12.13.1 创建审计分析规则 .................................................................................................... 314 12.13.2 删除审计分析规则 .................................................................................................... 316 12.14加密引擎 ............................................................................................................................. 316 12.14.1 创建加密引擎 ............................................................................................................ 316 12.14.2 修改加密引擎 ............................................................................................................ 317 12.14.3 删除加密引擎 ............................................................................................................ 320 第13章外部链接 ............................................................................................................................... 321 13.1 创建外部链接 ...................................................................................................................... 321 13.2 删除外部链接 ...................................................................................................................... 322 13.3 使用外部连接进行远程对象操作 ...................................................................................... 322 第14章DM备份还原 ......................................................................................................................... 324 14.1 备份数据库 .......................................................................................................................... 324 14.2 还原数据库 .......................................................................................................................... 325 第15章包 ......................................................................................................................................... 327 15.1 创建包 ................................................................................................................................. 327 15.1.1 创建包规范 .................................................................................................................. 327 15.1.2 创建包主体 .................................................................................................................. 327 15.2 删除包 ................................................................................................................................. 328 15.2.1 删除包规范 .................................................................................................................. 328 15.2.2 删除包主体 .................................................................................................................. 329 15.3 应用实例 .............................................................................................................................. 329 第16章同义词 .................................................................................................................................. 332 16.1 创建同义词 .......................................................................................................................... 332 16.2 删除同义词 .......................................................................................................................... 332 附录1 关键字和保留字 ...................................................................................................................... 334 VI 附录2 SQL语法描述说明 ................................................................................................................... 338 附录3 SQL命令参考 ........................................................................................................................... 341 附录4系统存储过程和函数 ............................................................................................................... 343 附录5 DM技术支持 ............................................................................................................................ 387
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值