HDOJ 题目1043 Eight（单向BFS，康拓展开，打表）

Eight

Time Limit: 10000/5000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 16879    Accepted Submission(s): 4640
Special Judge

Problem Description

The 15-puzzle has been around for over 100 years; even if you don't know it by that name, you've seen it. It is constructed with 15 sliding tiles, each with a number from 1 to 15 on it, and all packed into a 4 by 4 frame with one tile missing. Let's call the missing tile 'x'; the object of the puzzle is to arrange the tiles so that they are ordered as: 

 1  2  3  4
 5  6  7  8
 9 10 11 12
13 14 15  x

where the only legal operation is to exchange 'x' with one of the tiles with which it shares an edge. As an example, the following sequence of moves solves a slightly scrambled puzzle: 

 1  2  3  4     1  2  3  4     1  2  3  4     1  2  3  4
 5  6  7  8     5  6  7  8     5  6  7  8     5  6  7  8
 9  x 10 12     9 10  x 12     9 10 11 12     9 10 11 12
13 14 11 15    13 14 11 15    13 14  x 15    13 14 15  x
            r->            d->            r->

The letters in the previous row indicate which neighbor of the 'x' tile is swapped with the 'x' tile at each step; legal values are 'r','l','u' and 'd', for right, left, up, and down, respectively. 

Not all puzzles can be solved; in 1870, a man named Sam Loyd was famous for distributing an unsolvable version of the puzzle, and 
frustrating many people. In fact, all you have to do to make a regular puzzle into an unsolvable one is to swap two tiles (not counting the missing 'x' tile, of course). 

In this problem, you will write a program for solving the less well-known 8-puzzle, composed of tiles on a three by three 
arrangement.

 

Input

You will receive, several descriptions of configuration of the 8 puzzle. One description is just a list of the tiles in their initial positions, with the rows listed from top to bottom, and the tiles listed from left to right within a row, where the tiles are represented by numbers 1 to 8, plus 'x'. For example, this puzzle 

1 2 3 
x 4 6 
7 5 8 

is described by this list: 

1 2 3 x 4 6 7 5 8

 

Output

You will print to standard output either the word ``unsolvable'', if the puzzle has no solution, or a string consisting entirely of the letters 'r', 'l', 'u' and 'd' that describes a series of moves that produce a solution. The string should include no spaces and start at the beginning of the line. Do not print a blank line between cases.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   2  3  4  1  5  x  7  6  8
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   ullddrurdllurdruldr
  
  

 

Source

South Central USA 1998 (Sepcial Judge Module By JGShining)

 

Recommend

JGShining   |   We have carefully selected several similar problems for you:   1044  1026  1180  1067  1175 

 

题目大意：

问序列变成12345678x的路径

ac代码

15394136

2015-11-05 17:54:45

Accepted

1043

202MS

8936K

2668 B

C++

XY_

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
char num[15];
int fac[15];
void Fac()
{
    int i;
    fac[1]=1;
    for(i=2;i<=10;i++)
        fac[i]=fac[i-1]*i;
}
int cot(char *num)
{
    int i,j;
    int sum=0;
    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
    {
        int c=0;
        for(j=i+1;j<9;j++)
        {
            if(num[i]>num[j])
                c++;
        }
        sum+=c*fac[9-i-1];
    }
    return sum+1;
}
struct s
{
    int x,y;
    int cnt;
    char num[15];
}a,temp;
int vis[1010000];
int dirx[4]={0,1,0,-1};
int diry[4]={1,0,-1,0};
char p[1010000];
int pre[1010000];
void bfs()
{
    int i;
    queue<struct s>q;
    memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
        a.num[i]=i+'1';
    a.num[8]='0';
    a.cnt=cot(a.num);
    //printf("%d\n",a.cnt);
    a.x=2;
    a.y=2;
    q.push(a);
    vis[a.cnt]=1;
    p[a.cnt]=-1;
    while(!q.empty())
    {
        a=q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
        {
            temp.x=a.x+dirx[i];
            temp.y=a.y+diry[i];
            if(temp.x<0||temp.x>2||temp.y<0||temp.y>2)
                continue;

            int pos2=temp.x*3+temp.y;
            int pos1=a.x*3+a.y;
            strcpy(temp.num,a.num);
            swap(temp.num[pos1],temp.num[pos2]);
            temp.cnt=cot(temp.num);
          //  printf("%d\n",temp.cnt);
            if(vis[temp.cnt])
                continue;
            vis[temp.cnt]=1;
            pre[temp.cnt]=a.cnt;
            if(i==0)
                p[temp.cnt]='l';
            else
                if(i==1)
                    p[temp.cnt]='u';
                else
                    if(i==2)
                        p[temp.cnt]='r';
                    else
                        p[temp.cnt]='d';
            q.push(temp);
        }
    }
}
char str[1010];
void print(int tt)
{
    int x=tt;
    while(p[x]!=-1)
    {
        printf("%c",p[x]);
        x=pre[x];
    }
    printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
    Fac();
    bfs();
    while(gets(str)!=NULL)
    {
        int i;
        int len=strlen(str);
        char ss[15],k=0;
        for(i=0;i<len;i++)
        {
            if(str[i]=='x')
            {
                ss[k++]='0';
            }
            else
                if(str[i]>='1'&&str[i]<='8')
                    ss[k++]=str[i];
        }
        ss[k]='\0';
        int tt=cot(ss);
        if(!vis[tt])
        {
            printf("unsolvable\n");
        }
        else
        {
            print(tt);
        }
    }
}