WSL安装ArchLinux并简单配置开发环境

yuan__once

已于 2024-04-16 13:21:58 修改

阅读量899

点赞数 23

文章标签：编辑器 linux 笔记经验分享

于 2024-04-15 23:36:27 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yuan__once/article/details/137798310

版权

安装ArchLinux

下载LxRunOffline
下载ArchLinux（注意是tar.gz）文件

执行命令

.\LxRunOffline.exe i -n Arch -f D:\Virtual_Images\archlinux-bootstrap-2024.04.01-x86_64.tar.gz -d D:\Arch -r root.x86_64

设置Arch的分发版本
```
wsl --set-version  Arch 2
```

设置wsl2的配置文件.wslconfig，位置在用户目录下，没有就创建一个，这是wsl的全局配置文件，具体配置参考官网

[experimental]
networkingMode=mirrored
dnsTunneling=true
firewall=true
autoProxy=true
hostAddressLoopback=true
[wsl2]
swap=0
processors=8
memory=4GB

进入Arch系统
```
wsl -d Arch
```
删除/etc/resolv.conf文件
```
rm /etc/resolv.conf
```

编辑/etc/wsl.conf文件，添加下面内容。

#不加载Windows中的PATH内容，不然可能与Arch里面PATH变量冲突
 [interop]
 appendWindowsPath = false

退出系统重启
```
wsl --shutdown -d Arch ; wsl -d Arch
```
因为系统很简陋，没有vim编辑器，所以我们在windows下修改/etc/目录下的配置文件，window文件资源管理器可以直接查看和修改Arch的文件。
- 找到/etc/pacman.conf添加下面内容
```
# [custom]
  SigLevel = Optional TrustAll

  [archlinuxcn]
  Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
```
- 编辑/etc/pacman.d/mirrolist文件，将China的源注释去掉
- 如果在执行第10步出现Signing Key错误什么的，在/etc/pacman.conf中找到下面相关代码并修改SigLevel=Never。
```
# By default, pacman accepts packages signed by keys that its local keyring
# trusts (see pacman-key and its man page), as well as unsigned packages.
SigLevel    = Never
LocalFileSigLevel = Optional
#RemoteFileSigLevel = Required
```

在Arch中执行下面代码

pacman -Syy
pacman-key --init
pacman-key --populate
pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring
pacman -S base base-devel vim git wget

添加用户

useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash sunset
passwd sunset

在/etc/sudoers文件中添加

sunset ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

给root用户添加密码
```
passwd
```

wsl备份

# 导出
wsl --export Arch Arch.tar
# 导入
wsl --import Arch  Arch.tar

终端美化

下载zsh
```
 pacman -S zsh
```
更改shell
```
chsh -s /bin/zsh
```
下载oh-my-zsh（终端需要安装一些字体，不然有的字符不会显示，如NerdFont）
```
sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"
```
查看自带主题和插件
```
 ls $ZSH/plugins/
 ls $ZSH/themes/
```

插件安装

#命令自动建议
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
#命令语法高亮
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
#历史命令查找，ctrl+r触发
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-history-substring-search ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-history-substring-search
#配置文件添加
plugins=(zsh-autosuggestions 
zsh-syntax-highlighting
zsh-history-substring-search)

安装powerlevel10k主题，参考这里

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k

修改~/.zshrc中ZSH_THEME=“powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k”
然后source ~/.zshrc

安装neofetch，可以在进入系统的时候显示有关系统软硬件的信息

pacman -S neofetch
#neofetch 添加到~/.zshrc
echo "neofetch" >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

语言环境配置

安装python

pacman -S python python-pip

设置pip镜像源

pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple

安装nodejs

pacman -S nodejs

设置npm镜像源

npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com

安装Rust

export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER="https://rsproxy.cn"
export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT="https://rsproxy.cn/rustup"
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://rsproxy.cn/rustup-init.sh | sh

设置cargo镜像源

[source.crates-io]
# To use sparse index, change 'rsproxy' to 'rsproxy-sparse'
replace-with = 'rsproxy'
 
[source.rsproxy]
registry = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"
[source.rsproxy-sparse]
registry = "sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/"
 
[registries.rsproxy]
index = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"
 
[net]
git-fetch-with-cli = true

设置rustup的镜像源，以便下载其他的target或者升级rust，然后在~/.zshrc追加以下内容，最后source ~/.zshrc

export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER="https://rsproxy.cn"
export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT="https://rsproxy.cn/rustup"
source $HOME/.cargo/env

文本编辑器配置

安装code-server

pacman -S code-server

对于没有GUI的ArchLinux安装一个code-server足以应对大部分开发需求。

编辑~/.config/code-server/config.yaml

bind-addr: 0.0.0.0:8080 
auth: password # 启用密码认证,none代表没有密码
password: 123456 # 
cert: false

安装helix

pacman -S helix

helix详细用法参考官方document

helix配置各种语言的lsp参考这里

#可以查看helix对于该语言的支持情况
helix --health rust
#查看支持的所有语言
helix --helix

配置js和ts的lsp

这里选用deno作为js和ts的lsp，因为deno的工具链非常完善。

需要先安装deno

pacman -S deno

编写languages.toml，保存在~/.config/helix/路径下。

[[language]]
name = "javascript"
shebangs = ["deno"]
roots = ["deno.json", "deno.jsonc"]
file-types = ["js"]
language-servers = ["deno-lsp"]
auto-format = true
[[language]]
name = "typescript"
shebangs = ["deno"]
roots = ["deno.json", "deno.jsonc"]
file-types = ["ts"]
language-servers = ["deno-lsp"]
auto-format = true
[[language]]
name = "jsx"
shebangs = ["deno"]
roots = ["deno.json", "deno.jsonc"]
file-types = ["jsx"]
language-servers = ["deno-lsp"]
auto-format = true
[[language]]
name = "tsx"
shebangs = ["deno"]
roots = ["deno.json", "deno.jsonc"]
file-types = ["tsx"]
language-servers = ["deno-lsp"]
auto-format = true



[language-server.deno-lsp]
command = "deno"
args = ["lsp"]
environment = { NO_COLOR = "1" }

[language-server.deno-lsp.config.deno]
enable = true
# Uncomment to enable completion of unstable features of Deno
# unstable = true
# Uncomment to cache dependencies on save
# cacheOnSave = true
# Enable completion of importing from registries
# Enable completion of function calls
suggest = { completeFunctionCalls = false, imports = { hosts = { "https://deno.land" = true } } }
# suggest = { imports = { hosts = { "https://deno.land" = true, "https://crux.land" = true, "https://x.nest.land" = true } } }
# Uncomment to enable inlay hints
# inlayHints.parameterNames.enabled = "all"
# inlayHints.parameterTypes.enabled = true
# inlayHints.variableTypes.enabled = true
# inlayHints.propertyDeclarationTypes.enabled  = true
# inlayHints.functionLikeReturnTypes.enabled = true
# inlayHints.enumMemberValues.enabled = true