微服务 之 OpenFeign 服务消费

1.服务消费模型

1.1.服务消费模型介绍

分布式系统中，各个微服务会部署多个实例，如何将服务消费者均匀分摊到多个服务提供者实例上，就要使用到负载均衡器

1.2.Feign

openFeign是spring cloud 的成员，feign可以方便的使用接口来实现服务消费模型

2.快速创建项目

新建模块

选择 Nacos Service Discovery / Spring Web / OpenFeign 组件

2.1.依赖

 <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.2.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

2.2.启动类增加 注解

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class ScaConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ScaConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.3.新建Feign 接口

package com.turing.scaconsumer.feign;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
/**
* (服务提供者 spring.application.name: 注册在 nacos )
*
*/
@FeignClient("sca-provider")
public interface ProviderFeign {

    @GetMapping("/providerTest/hello")
    public String hello();

    @RequestMapping("/providerTest/hasParams")
    public String hasParams(@RequestParam("str") String str, @RequestParam("i") Integer i);
}

与服务提供者类 方法 相对应 参数 建议使用注解

2.4.在服务消费者对应类中 通过 @Autowried 注入接口

    @Autowired
    private ProviderFeign providerFeign;

2.5.设置访问超时

yml 格式

feign:
  client:
    config:
      default:
        #建立连接所用的时间，适用于网络状况正常的情况下，两端连接所需要的时间
        ConnectTimeOut: 5000
        #指建立连接后从服务端读取到可用资源所用的时间
        ReadTimeOut: 5000

properties 格式

feign.client.config.default.connect-timeout=5000
feign.client.config.default.read-timeout=5000