一、什么是ServletContext。
1.ServletContext,由Context翻译为上下文,即ServletContext为Servlet的上下文对象,并且它是一个接口。
2.每一个 web 工程,只有一个 ServletContext 对象实例。(部分代码显示,全部代码看最后)
Context1代码:
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Context1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
System.out.println("context1的地址:" + context);
}
}
Context2代码:
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Context2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
System.out.println("context2的地址:" + context);
}
}
部署工程并通过浏览器分别访问context1,context2,结果显示:
context1的地址:org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@2e25cece
context2的地址:org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@2e25cece
由此可以证明,web工程里面只有一个ServletContext对象实例。
3.ServletContext 对象是一个域对象。何为域对象,类似于map一样的对象,并且像map一样存储数据。这里的域就是存储数据的范围,很明显,ServletContext对象的域就是整个web工程。
Context1代码:
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Context1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
//System.out.println("context1的地址:" + context);
System.out.println("保存之前: Context1 获取 key1的值是:"+ context.getAttribute("key1"));
// setAttribute()类似Map对象的put()方法
context.setAttribute("key1", "value1");
System.out.println("Context1 中获取域数据key1的值是:"+ context.getAttribute("key1"));
}
}
部署工程并通过浏览器访问context1,结果显示:
保存之前:Context1 获取 key1的值是:null
Context1 中获取域数据key1的值是:value1
注意:在修改前key1对应的value1是null。
Context2代码:
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Context2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
//System.out.println("context2的地址:" + context);
System.out.println("Context2 中获取域数据key1的值是:" + context.getAttribute("key1"));
}
}
部署工程并通过浏览器访问context2,结果显示:
Context2 中获取域数据key1的值是:value1
Context1和Context2的访问地址不在同一个位置上,但是在同一个web工程上,所以他们的域的作用范围是整个web工程,我们再次范文context1,可以获得保存之前:Context1 获取 key1的值是:value1。
4.ServletContext 是在 web 工程部署启动的时候创建。在 web 工程停止的时候销毁。(就是不需要手动创建,与web工程共存亡,荣辱与共,有点缓存的意思。)
当重启工程时,获得 保存之前:Context1 获取 key1的值是:null。
二、ServletContext 类的四个作用
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ContextServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、获取 web.xml 中配置的上下文参数 context-param
ServletContext context = getServletConfig().getServletContext();
String username = context.getInitParameter("username");
String password = context.getInitParameter("password");
System.out.println("context-param参数username的值是:" + username);
System.out.println("context-param参数password的值是:" + password);
//2、获取当前的工程路径,格式: /工程路径
System.out.println("当前工程路径是:" + context.getContextPath());
//3、获取工程部署后在服务器硬盘上的绝对路径
/*
* / 斜杠被服务器解析地址为:http://ip:port/工程名/ 映射到IDEA代码的web目录
* */
System.out.println("工程部署的路径是:" + context.getRealPath("/"));
System.out.println("工程下css目录的绝对路径是:" + context.getRealPath("/css"));
System.out.println("工程下imgs目录1.jpg的绝对路径是:" + context.getRealPath("/imgs/1.jpg"));
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
三、其他
完整Context、Context2类以及web.xml文件。
Context1
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Context1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
System.out.println("context1的地址:" + context);
System.out.println("保存之前: Context1 获取 key1的值是:"+ context.getAttribute("key1"));
// setAttribute()类似Map对象的put()方法
context.setAttribute("key1", "value1");
System.out.println("Context1 中获取域数据key1的值是:"+ context.getAttribute("key1"));
}
}
Context2
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Context2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
System.out.println("context2的地址:" + context);
System.out.println("Context2 中获取域数据key1的值是:" + context.getAttribute("key1"));
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--context-param是上下文参数(它属于整个web工程)-->
<context-param>
<param-name>username</param-name>
<param-value>context</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--context-param是上下文参数(它属于整个web工程)-->
<context-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>root</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ContextServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.atguigu.servlet.ContextServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ContextServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/contextServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Context1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.atguigu.servlet.Context1</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Context1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/context1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Context2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.atguigu.servlet.Context2</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Context2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/context2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>