Go语言中,任何类型都是空接口类型的实现类型。
声明:
类型实例 := new(某实现接口的类型) // 或者 `var 类型实例 接口类型`,然后`类型实例 = new(某实现接口的类型)`
调用:
类型实例.接口方法()
某类型实现接口方法:
func (某类型) 方法名() {
方法内容
}
func (d *D) click() {
fmt.Println("knock, ", d.Age)
}
重新回顾之后,其实是把类型new出来的实例(返回值是指针),赋值给接口(不赋值也可以),然后调用接口的方法。
直接 `var a 某个接口类型` 的话,得到的a的类型是nil
type E interface {
click()
}
func main() {
var cc E
fmt.Printf("cc type is %T\n", cc)
}
cc type is <nil>
必须接口方法全部实现才可以赋值,否则编译会报错缺少某些方法
package main
import "fmt"
type Human struct {
name string
age int
phone string
}
type Student struct {
Human //匿名字段
school string
loan float32
}
type Employee struct {
Human //匿名字段
company string
money float32
}
//Human实现SayHi方法
func (h Human) SayHi() {
fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s you can call me on %s\n", h.name, h.phone)
}
//Human实现Sing方法
func (h Human) Sing(lyrics string) {
fmt.Println("La la la la...", lyrics)
}
//Employee重载Human的SayHi方法
func (e Employee) SayHi() {
fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s, I work at %s. Call me on %s\n", e.name,
e.company, e.phone)
}
// Interface Men被Human,Student和Employee实现
// 因为这三个类型都实现了这两个方法
type Men interface {
SayHi()
Sing(lyrics string)
}
func main() {
mike := Student{Human{"Mike", 25, "222-222-XXX"}, "MIT", 0.00}
paul := Student{Human{"Paul", 26, "111-222-XXX"}, "Harvard", 100}
sam := Employee{Human{"Sam", 36, "444-222-XXX"}, "Golang Inc.", 1000}
tom := Employee{Human{"Tom", 37, "222-444-XXX"}, "Things Ltd.", 5000}
//定义Men类型的变量i
var i Men
//i能存储Student
i = mike
fmt.Println("This is Mike, a Student:")
i.SayHi()
i.Sing("November rain")
//i也能存储Employee
i = tom
fmt.Println("This is tom, an Employee:")
i.SayHi()
i.Sing("Born to be wild")
//定义了slice Men
fmt.Println("Let's use a slice of Men and see what happens")
x := make([]Men, 3)
//这三个都是不同类型的元素,但是他们实现了interface同一个接口
x[0], x[1], x[2] = paul, sam, mike
for _, value := range x{
value.SayHi()
}
}
结果如下:
This is Mike, a Student:
Hi, I am Mike you can call me on 222-222-XXX
La la la la... November rain
This is tom, an Employee:
Hi, I am Tom, I work at Things Ltd.. Call me on 222-444-XXX
La la la la... Born to be wild
Let's use a slice of Men and see what happens
Hi, I am Paul you can call me on 111-222-XXX
Hi, I am Sam, I work at Golang Inc.. Call me on 444-222-XXX
Hi, I am Mike you can call me on 222-222-XXX