【算法】Java实现PGP算法

1.什么是PGP算法？

PGP（Pretty Good Privacy）是一种广泛使用的加密和数字签名方案，用于保护电子邮件和文件的安全性。PGP使用对称加密、非对称加密和哈希算法的组合，提供了保密性、完整性和认证的功能。

PGP算法的主要组成部分包括：

1. 对称加密：PGP使用对称加密算法（如AES、3DES等）来加密邮件和文件的内容。对称加密使用相同的密钥用于加密和解密，速度较快，适合处理大量数据。
2. 非对称加密：PGP使用非对称加密算法（如RSA、ECC等）来加密和解密对称密钥。发送方使用接收方的公钥加密对称密钥，接收方使用自己的私钥解密对称密钥。非对称加密提供了安全的密钥交换和身份验证机制。
3. 数字签名：PGP使用数字签名算法（如RSA、DSA等）来对消息进行签名。发送方使用自己的私钥对消息的哈希值进行签名，接收方使用发送方的公钥验证签名的有效性。数字签名提供了消息的完整性和认证。
4. 哈希算法：PGP使用哈希算法（如SHA-1、SHA-256等）来计算消息的摘要。哈希算法将消息转换为固定长度的摘要，用于验证消息的完整性和防止篡改。

2.使用Java语言实现SHA算法加密

由于PGP算法较为复杂，我们可以使用Bouncy Castle库来实现PGP算法。可以从Bouncy Castle的官方网站下载到相应的jar包（https://www.bouncycastle.org/）

import org.bouncycastle.bcpg.ArmoredOutputStream;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.*;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcaPGPContentSignerBuilder;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcaPGPContentVerifierBuilderProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcePGPDataEncryptorBuilder;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcePGPDataEncryptorBuilder.AES128;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcePGPKeyEncryptionMethodGenerator;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcePublicKeyDataDecryptorFactoryBuilder;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcePublicKeyKeyEncryptionMethodGenerator;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcePublicKeyKeyEncryptionMethodGenerator.AES128_CBC;
import org.bouncycastle.openpgp.operator.jcajce.JcePublicKeyKeyEncryptionMethodGenerator.RSA_GENERAL;
import org.bouncycastle.util.io.Streams;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.Security;

public class PGPExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());

        try {
            // 生成密钥对
            KeyPair keyPair = generateKeyPair();

            // 发送方加密文件
            String inputFile = "plaintext.txt";
            String encryptedFile = "encrypted.pgp";
            encryptFile(inputFile, encryptedFile, keyPair.getPublic());

            // 接收方解密文件
            String decryptedFile = "decrypted.txt";
            decryptFile(encryptedFile, decryptedFile, keyPair.getPrivate());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static KeyPair generateKeyPair() throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA", "BC");
        keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048, new SecureRandom());
        return keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
    }

    public static void encryptFile(String inputFile, String outputFile, PGPPublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
        FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
        FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
        ArmoredOutputStream armoredOutputStream = new ArmoredOutputStream(outputStream);

        PGPEncryptedDataGenerator encryptedDataGenerator = new PGPEncryptedDataGenerator(new AES128());
        encryptedDataGenerator.addMethod(new JcePublicKeyKeyEncryptionMethodGenerator(publicKey));

        OutputStream encryptedOut = encryptedDataGenerator.open(armoredOutputStream, new byte[4096]);

        PGPCompressedDataGenerator compressedDataGenerator = new PGPCompressedDataGenerator(PGPCompressedDataGenerator.ZIP);
        OutputStream compressedOut = compressedDataGenerator.open(encryptedOut);

        PGPUtil.writeFileToLiteralData(compressedOut, PGPLiteralData.BINARY, inputStream, new byte[4096]);

        compressedOut.close();
        compressedDataGenerator.close();
        encryptedOut.close();
        encryptedDataGenerator.close();
        armoredOutputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
    }

    public static void decryptFile(String inputFile, String outputFile, PGPSecretKey privateKey) throws Exception {
        FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
        FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);

        PGPObjectFactory objectFactory = new PGPObjectFactory(PGPUtil.getDecoderStream(inputStream), new JcaKeyFingerprintCalculator());
        PGPEncryptedDataList encryptedDataList;

        Object object = objectFactory.nextObject();
        if (object instanceof PGPEncryptedDataList) {
            encryptedDataList = (PGPEncryptedDataList) object;
        } else {
            encryptedDataList = (PGPEncryptedDataList) objectFactory.nextObject();
        }

        PGPPublicKeyEncryptedData encryptedData = (PGPPublicKeyEncryptedData) encryptedDataList.get(0);
        PGPPrivateKey privateKey = findPrivateKey(privateKey, encryptedData.getKeyID(), "password".toCharArray());

        InputStream decryptedStream = encryptedData.getDataStream(new JcePublicKeyDataDecryptorFactoryBuilder().setProvider("BC").build(privateKey));

        PGPObjectFactory decryptedObjectFactory = new PGPObjectFactory(decryptedStream, new JcaKeyFingerprintCalculator());
        Object messageObject = decryptedObjectFactory.nextObject();

        if (messageObject instanceof PGPCompressedData) {
            PGPCompressedData compressedData = (PGPCompressedData) messageObject;
            PGPObjectFactory decompressedObjectFactory = new PGPObjectFactory(compressedData.getDataStream(), new JcaKeyFingerprintCalculator());
            messageObject = decompressedObjectFactory.nextObject();
        }

        PGPLiteralData literalData = (PGPLiteralData) messageObject;

        InputStream literalDataStream = literalData.getInputStream();
        Streams.pipeAll(literalDataStream, outputStream);

        literalDataStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
        decryptedStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
    }

    public static PGPPrivateKey findPrivateKey(PGPSecretKey secretKey, long keyID, char[] passPhrase) throws PGPException, NoSuchProviderException {
        PBESecretKeyDecryptor decryptor = new JcePBESecretKeyDecryptorBuilder().setProvider("BC").build(passPhrase);
        return secretKey.extractPrivateKey(decryptor);
    }
}

该示例展示了如何使用Bouncy Castle库来实现PGP算法。它包括生成密钥对、使用公钥加密文件和使用私钥解密文件的示例代码。在实际应用中，还需要适当处理异常和错误情况，并根据具体需求进行适当的配置和调整。