Spring事务配置的五种方式

  Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。  
    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。  
    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：  
    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"      class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />            
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />     
</bean>        
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->        
<bean id="transactionManager"       
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">         
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>          
<!-- 配置DAO -->      
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">          
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>          
<bean id="userDao"          class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">               
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->               
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />               
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />             
<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />         
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->            
<property name="transactionAttributes">                
<props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>            </props>            
</property>        
</bean>    
</beans>  
    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"                
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">            
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />            
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />      
</bean>        
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->        
<bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">          
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>          
<bean id="transactionBase"              class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"               
lazy-init="true" abstract="true">            
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->            
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />            
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->            
<property name="transactionAttributes">                
<props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>              </props>          </property>      </bean>            
<!-- 配置DAO -->      
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">          
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>          
<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >            
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />         
</bean>  
</beans>  
第三种方式：使用拦截器  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"                
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">            
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />            
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>        
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->        
<bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">          
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>          
<bean id="transactionInterceptor"          class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">            
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />            
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->            
<property name="transactionAttributes">                
<props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>              </props>          </property>      </bean>            
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">            
<property name="beanNames">                
<list>                  <value>*Dao</value>            </list>          </property>            
<property name="interceptorNames">               
<list>                  <value>transactionInterceptor</value>              </list>            
</property>        
</bean>          
<!-- 配置DAO -->      
<bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">          
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />      
</bean>  
</beans>  
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"     
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">      
<context:annotation-config />    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />      
<bean id="sessionFactory"                
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">            
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />            
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>        
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->        
<bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">          
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>      
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">          
<tx:attributes>              
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />          
</tx:attributes>     
</tx:advice>          
<aop:config>          
<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />         
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />            </aop:config>       
</beans>  
第五种方式：全注解  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">      
<context:annotation-config />    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />     
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>      
<bean id="sessionFactory"                
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">            
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />            
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>        
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->        
<bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">         
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>    </beans>  
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：  
package com.bluesky.spring.dao;import java.util.List;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;@Transactional@Component("userDao")  
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {      
     public List<User> listUsers() {         
     return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();      
    }          
}