Android 中View的绘制机制源码分析 一

本文深入探讨了Android中View的measure过程,详细分析了如何计算View的大小,涉及ViewRoot的performTraversals方法、MeasureSpec的运用以及View的measure方法。通过源码解析,解释了measureSpec的生成和measure过程,为理解自定义View提供了关键知识。
摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

尊重原创: http://blog.csdn.net/yuanzeyao/article/details/46765113

差不多半年没有写博客了,一是因为工作比较忙,二是觉得没有什么内容值得写,三是因为自己越来越懒了吧,不过最近我对Android中View的绘制机制有了一些新的认识,所以想记录下来并分享给大家。在之后的几篇博客中,我会给大家分享如下的内容:

1、View中measure(),layout(),draw()函数执行过程分析,带领大家详细分析View的尺寸测量过程,位置计算,并最终绘制到UI上的过程

2、以LinearLayout为例讲解ViewGroup尺寸计算,位置计算,以及绘制过程

3、更深层次的理解LayoutParams的意义

4、LayoutInflater创建View的过程分析,详细分析inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)方法中各个参数的意义

掌握上面几个知识点对于自定义View有非常重要的意义的,而且据我所知自定义View在面试过程中是必问知识点。

以上内容都是Android中View系统比较重要的一些内容,View系统的功能主要包括用户输入消息到消息处理的整个过程,以及UI的绘制,用户输入消息以及消息处理的部分我之前也有写过几篇文章,如果读者用兴趣可以去了解下:

Android 系统Touch事件传递机制 上:http://blog.csdn.net/yuanzeyao/article/details/37961997

Android 系统Touch事件传递机制 下:http://blog.csdn.net/yuanzeyao/article/details/38025165

Android 系统Key事件传递机制 上:http://blog.csdn.net/yuanzeyao/article/details/13630909

Android 系统Key事件传递机制 下:http://blog.csdn.net/yuanzeyao/article/details/13631139


由于涉及的内容比较多,所以我打算使用 多篇文章来讲解上述内容,敬请期待。

那么现在就开始学习View的measure过程吧,measure过程主要作用就是计算一个View的大小,这个其实很好理解,因为任何一个View在绘制到UI上时,必须事先知道这个View的大小,不然是无法绘制的。

平时我们在指定一个view的大小时,通常就是在xml文件中设置layout_width和layout_hegiht属性,这里我要提出一个问题:为什么View的宽度和高度对应的属性名前面有layout而不是直接叫width和height?先记住这个问题吧,等你看完本文的内容相信你就明白了。其实measuer过程就将layout_width和layout_height这些属性变为具体的数字大小。


当我们想要将一个xml文件显示到UI上时,通常就是将该xml文件的id传入到Activity的setContentView中去,其实最终就会调用到ViewRoot的performTraversals方法,此方法承担了Android的View的绘制工作,这个方法代码非常多,但是逻辑非常简单,主要包含了三个阶段:

第一个阶段就是我们今天要学习的measure,第二个阶段就是layout,第三个阶段就是draw,measure阶段就是得到每个View的大小,layout阶段就是计算每个View在UI上的坐标,draw阶段就是根据前面两个阶段的数据进行UI绘制。


首先我们看看ViewRoot的performTraversals方法的部分代码(使用的2.3代码,选择2.3代码的原因是因为2.3的版本逻辑比4.x版本简单,而且主要逻辑还是一样的)

    private void performTraversals() {
        // Section one mView就是DecorView,
        final View host = mView;



		//Section two
        int desiredWindowWidth;
        int desiredWindowHeight;
        int childWidthMeasureSpec;
        int childHeightMeasureSpec;

        ...


        Rect frame = mWinFrame;
        if (mFirst) {
            fullRedrawNeeded = true;
            mLayoutRequested = true;

            DisplayMetrics packageMetrics =
                mView.getContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
			//Section three
            desiredWindowWidth = packageMetrics.widthPixels;
            desiredWindowHeight = packageMetrics.heightPixels;

            // For the very first time, tell the view hierarchy that it
            // is attached to the window.  Note that at this point the surface
            // object is not initialized to its backing store, but soon it
            // will be (assuming the window is visible).
           ...

        } else {
			//Section four
            desiredWindowWidth = frame.width();
            desiredWindowHeight = frame.height();
            if (desiredWindowWidth != mWidth || desiredWindowHeight != mHeight) {
                if (DEBUG_ORIENTATION) Log.v("ViewRoot",
                        "View " + host + " resized to: " + frame);
                fullRedrawNeeded = true;
                mLayoutRequested = true;
                windowResizesToFitContent = true;
            }
        }

   

        boolean insetsChanged = false;

        if (mLayoutRequested) {
            // Execute enqueued actions on every layout in case a view that was detached
            // enqueued an action after being detached
            getRunQueue().executeActions(attachInfo.mHandler);


			...
			//Section five
            childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width);
            childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);

            // Ask host how big it wants to be
            if (DEBUG_ORIENTATION || DEBUG_LAYOUT) Log.v("ViewRoot",
                    "Measuring " + host + " in display " + desiredWindowWidth
                    + "x" + desiredWindowHeight + "...");
			//Section six
            host.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

            if (DBG) {
                System.out.println("======================================");
                System.out.println("performTraversals -- after measure");
                host.debug();
            }
        }

        ....
    }

上面的代码就是第一阶段的主要代码,请看代码中的Section one部分,这里定义了一个View 类型的变量host,它被赋值mView,这里我想说的仅仅是mView就是一个界面的DecorView,如果你还不熟悉DecorView可以看看我的另外一篇文章:

《窗口的创建过程》,Section two分别定义了4个int 类型的变量,前面两个变量在Section three部分或者Section four部分赋值,通常第一次进来是在Section three里面进行赋值,也就是说desiredWindowWidth和disireWindowHeight分别是手机屏幕的宽和高(当然并不总是这样的,这里我们只用考虑简单的一种情况),在Section five部分分别对childWidthMeasureSpec和childHeightMeasureSpec进行赋值,这里调用了一个getRootMeasureSpec的方法,我们后面再分析它。在Setion six部分调用host.measure来计算View的大小,到这里performTraversals中mersure的调用过程就算结束了,但是getRootMeasureSpec和host的measure方法我们还不清楚它们到底做了什么,下面就来分析这两个方法吧:

先看看getRootMeasureSpec方法吧。

    private int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
        int measureSpec;
        switch (rootDimension) {

        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
            // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
            // Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            break;
        default:
            // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        }
        return measureSpec;
    }

看了实现之后,你是不是觉得这个方法实现超简单,以getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth,lp.width)为例,我们知道第一个参数就是屏幕的宽度,第二个参数是一个View的LayoutParams中的width属性,其实这个参数是在Activity的

 void makeVisible() {
        if (!mWindowAdded) {
            ViewManager wm = getWindowManager();
            wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes());
            mWindowAdded = true;
        }
        mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }

makeVisible方法传入的,makeVisible是在Activity的onResume里面调用,我们先不关心这个,我们关心的是这个lp是怎么创建的,我们看看getWindow.getAttributes()做了什么吧

  // The current window attributes.
    private final WindowManager.LayoutParams mWindowAttributes =
        new WindowManager.LayoutParams();

通过源码,找到Window的getAttributes方法,该方法返回mWindowAttributes值,我们看看WindowManager.LayoutParams这个类的空构造函数吧

   
        public LayoutParams() {
            super(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
            type = TYPE_APPLICATION;
            format = PixelFormat.OPAQUE;
        }

看了构造函数后,我们发现layout_width和laout_height都是MATCH_PARENT。关于lp这个参数我们先看到这里,我们继续看getRootMeasureSpec这个方法,

这里出现了一个MeasureSpec的陌生类,先看看MeasureSpec是何方圣神。MeasureSpec是定义在View中的一个内部类,这个类里面有几个比较重要的常量:

       private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
        private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

        /**
         * Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
         * on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
         */
        public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

        /**
         * Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
         * for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
         * of how big it wants to be.
         */
        public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

        /**
         * Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
         * to the specified size.
         */
        public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

我们知道java中的int类型占用32位,随意这几个变量在内存中的表现形式如下:

MODE_MASK:  11000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

UNSPECIFIED: 000000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

EXACTLY:         01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

AT_MOST:       10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

也就是说每个高2位表示的model,第30位才真正表示尺寸的大小


有了上面的基础之后,相信理解下面三个方法就不难了

/**
         * Creates a measure specification based on the supplied size and mode.
         *
         * The mode must always be one of the following:
         * <ul>
         *  <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED}</li>
         *  <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}</li>
         *  <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * @param size the size of the measure specification
         * @param mode the mode of the measure specification
         * @return the measure specification based on size and mode
         */
        public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
            return size + mode;
        }

        /**
         * Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
         *
         * @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
         * @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
         *         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
         *         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
         */
        public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
            return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
        }

        /**
         * Extracts the size from the supplied measure specification.
         *
         * @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the size from
         * @return the size in pixels defined in the supplied measure specification
         */
        public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
            return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
        }

第一个方法makeMeasureSpec就是讲size和mode相加返回其结果,第二个getMode就是获取高2位的值,getSize就是获取低30位的值


看明白了这里,我们就回到getRootMeasureSpec吧,我们知道lp.width属性通常有三种:match_parent(fill_parent),wrap_content,具体一个大小(如100dip),而这里通过我们上面的分析,知道宽和高均是match_parent。通过代码我们知道这三种情况对应的mode分别是:

EXACTLY,AT_MOST,EXACTLY,也就是说math_parent和具体的大小(100dip)对应的都是EXACTLY。最后根据得到的mode和屏幕的宽度调用makeMeasureSpec方法得到一个int类型的值赋值给childWidthMeasureSpec,同理得到了childHeightMeasureSpec,并将这两个值传入measure中。下面我们就看看measure做了什么


由于这里调用的是host的measure,而host其实是一个FrameLayout,所以我不打算继续使用这个例子将View的测量过程了,但是ViewGroup是没有改写measure的,所以其实调用的还是View的measure方法,measure方法的源码如下:


    public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
                widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
                heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {

            // first clears the measured dimension flag
            mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

            if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
                ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE);
            }

            // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
            onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

            // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
            // an exception to warn the developer
            if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
                        + " measured dimension by calling"
                        + " setMeasuredDimension()");
            }

            mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
        }

        mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
        mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
    }

我们看到measure方法其实是final的,所以ViewGroup是无法改写此方法的。通常一个具体的ViewGroup都是改写onMeasure方法,这点你可以去看看LinearLayout和FrameLayout,他们在onMeasure方法里面都间接调用了ViewGroup的measureChildWithMargins方法,今天我们就以measureChildWithMargins这个方法为入口分析View的测量过程。measureChildWithMargins方法的源码如下:

    protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
            int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                        + widthUsed, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                        + heightUsed, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }
这里我们简化下情况,我们假设ViewGroup里面所有的孩子都是View,没有ViewGroup。

下面我们分三步来分析measureChildWithMargins方法:

1、获取孩子的LayoutParams

2、调用getChildMeasureSpec方法得到孩子的measureSpec(包括widthSpec和heightSpec)

我们看看getChildMeasureSpec做了什么,先看看它的几个参数,以获取孩子的widthSpec为例 ,第一个参数是ViewGroup的widthSpec,第二个参数是ViewGroup已经被使用的width,第三个是lp.width,接下来看看源码:

   */
    public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;

        switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

相信有了前面的基础,看这段代码应该很容易,其实就是根据ViewGroup的mode和size以及lp.width的值来创建View的measureSpec。现在知道我前面提的问题的答案了吗,为什么width前面要加一个layout,因为子View的大小时自己(子View)和ViewGroup(父View)共同决定的。


回到measureChildWithMargins 看第三步:调用了child.measure。并且参数就是第二步中得到的,另外注意这个child就是一个普通的View(因为我们已经假设ViewGroup里面没有ViewGroup,只有View)


由于是View调用measure,所以measure中调用onMeasure也是View中的,我们看看View的onMeasuere方法吧


    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }


这里出现了一个重要的方法getDefaultSize,其代码如下:

    public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize =  MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }

该方法根据measureSpec的mode决定返回值是size还是specSize。在多数情况下载mode是AT_MOST或者EXACTLY,(UNSPECIFIED通常出现在我们为了获得某个view的大小时,调用此view.measure(0,0)的时候出现.),在onMeasure中会调用setMeasuredDimension()方法将得到的大小分别赋值给mMeasuredWidth,mMeasuredHeight,从而View的大小就测量完成了。

代码如下:

  protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
        mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
        mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;

        mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
    }

到这里View的测量过程告一段落了,至于ViewGroup的测量过程在下篇文章中使用LinearLayout分析一下吧。


Android 中View的绘制机制源码分析 二 已经发布,敬请关注!


评论 2
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值