这一篇记录的是Hibernate的级联操作,主要是一对多的关系。Hibernate的级联操作可以让我们在保存(或其他的数据库操作)一个对象时,将与其关联的对象同时保存到数据库。假设我们的数据库中有两张表:teacher和student,教师和学生是一对多的关系,即一名教师教多名学生
我们的teacher表的结构如下图所示:
teacher表中有两个字段,id和name
student表的结构如下图所示:
student表中有三个字段,id,学号stu_number和对应的教师id
在MyEclipse中新建一个工程,取名为TestHibernateCascade,项目结构如下图所示:
为项目加入Hibernate支持就不多说了,下面我们新建两个java bean,分别表示教师类和学生类,教师类的代码如下所示:
package com.test.model;
import java.util.Set;
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<Student> students;
public Teacher(String name, Set<Student> students) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.students = students;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
}
由于一个教师教多名学生,所以我们在教师类Teacher中,定义了一个集合类型的数据,其中装入的是Student类的对象,下面是Student类的代码:
package com.test.model;
public class Student {
private int id;
private String stu_number;
private Teacher teacher;
public Student(String stu_number, Teacher teacher) {
super();
this.stu_number = stu_number;
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public String getStu_number() {
return stu_number;
}
public void setStu_number(String stu_number) {
this.stu_number = stu_number;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
}
Student类中为了跟Teacher类保持多对一的关系,所以在Student中加入了一个Teacher类的对象作为成员变量,下面我们分别为上面的两个类编写hbm文件:
首先是Teacher.hbm.xml,其配置如下代码所示:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping
PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.test.model.Teacher" table="teacher">
<id name="id" column="id" type="int">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" type="string">
<column name="name" length="20"></column>
</property>
<set name="students" cascade="save-update">
<key column="teacher_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.test.model.Student"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
上面要注意的是一个set标签,由于一个teacher可以教多名student,所以在Teacher.hbm.xml配置文件中,我们加入了set标签,set标签的name属性值,即为Teacher类中的students成员变量名,cascade属性指明了级联操作的类型,即save和update时,会进行级联操作,在set标签的子标签中,还有key和one-to-many标签,key标签指明了与另一个表关联的外键的字段名,这里是指的student表中的teacher_id字段,one-to-many标签指明了一对多的是哪个类,这里指的Student类
然后是Student.hbm.xml,其配置如下代码所示:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping
PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.test.model.Student" table="student">
<id name="id" column="id" type="int">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="stu_number" type="string">
<column name="stu_number" length="20"></column>
</property>
<many-to-one name="teacher" class="com.test.model.Teacher" column="teacher_id">
</many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
这里需要注意的是many-to-one标签,因为多个student对应一个teacher,所以这里的many-to-one标签指明了对应的Teacher类,name属性与Student类中的成员变量teacher对应,column属性则表示与teacher关联的表的字段,为student表中的teacher_id字段
下面用一段代码测试hibernate的级联操作:
package com.test;
import java.util.HashSet;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.test.model.Student;
import com.test.model.Teacher;
public class TestMain {
private Teacher teacher;
private Student stu1;
private Student stu2;
private void init(){
teacher = new Teacher("zhangsan", new HashSet<Student>());
stu1 = new Student("20150001", teacher);
stu2 = new Student("20150002", teacher);
teacher.getStudents().add(stu1);
teacher.getStudents().add(stu2);
}
private void test(){
init();
Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
Transaction trans = session.beginTransaction();
try {
session.save(teacher);
trans.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
trans.rollback();
} finally {
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestMain().test();
}
}
上面的代码很简单,new了一个Teacher类的对象和两个Student类的对象,然后将两个Student关联到Teacher上,最后将Teacher保存到数据库,可以发现控制台的输出如下所示:
很明显,我们只保存了一个Teacher类的对象,但是hibernate框架自动为我们保存了与Teacher类的对象所关联的两个Student类的对象
源码下载点击这里