题意
A sequence S n is defined as:
Where a, b, n, m are positive integers.┌x┐is the ceil of x. For example, ┌3.14┐=4. You are to calculate S n.
There are several test cases, each test case in one line contains four positive integers: a, b, n, m. Where 0< a, m < 2 15, (a-1) 2< b < a 2, 0 < b, n < 2 31.The input will finish with the end of file.
思路
((a+(根号b))的n次方) 必有 X + Y * (根号b) 的形式。
X 和 Y 可以应用矩阵快速幂求得。关键是 Y * (根号b) 向上取整的问题。
推导如下:
链接
https://vjudge.net/contest/176567#problem/C
代码
#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
typedef vector<LL> vec;
typedef vector<vec> mat;
LL a, b, n, m;
LL mod;
mat mul(mat A, mat B)
{
mat C(A.size(), vec(B[0].size()));
for(int i= 0; i< A.size(); i++)
for(int k= 0; k< B.size(); k++)
for(int j= 0; j< B[0].size(); j++)
C[i][j] = (C[i][j] + A[i][k] * B[k][j]) % mod;
return C;
}
mat pow(mat A, int n)
{
mat B(A.size(), vec(A.size()));
for(int i= 0; i< A.size(); i++)
B[i][i] = 1;
while(n > 0)
{
if(n & 1) B = mul(B, A);
A = mul(A, A);
n >>= 1;
}
return B;
}
int main()
{
//freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
while(scanf("%lld %lld %lld %lld", &a, &b, &n, &m) != EOF)
{
mat A(2, vec(2));
mat B(2, vec(1));
A[0][0] = a, A[0][1] = b, A[1][0] = 1, A[1][1] = a;
B[0][0] = a, B[1][0] = 1;
mod = m;
A = pow(A, n - 1);
B = mul(A, B);
cout << 2 * B[0][0] % m << endl;
}
return 0;
}