kernel编译练习1：给ubuntu22升级5.19内核

千册

已于 2022-09-18 21:27:34 修改

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分类专栏： linux内核文章标签： ubuntu linux 运维

于 2022-08-08 22:13:08 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yueni_zhao/article/details/126234973

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前言

更换内核，获得一套完整的源码，分析源码，模块开发，大有好处。

这篇的移植的第一篇，也可以参考我内核编译第二篇

kernel编译练习2：给ubuntu22升级5.19.3内核

一.首先看一下当前的内核版本号

cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.15.0-41-generic (buildd@lcy02-amd64-065) (gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38) #44-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 22 14:20:53 UTC 2022

二看看官网当前最新的内核版本号

内核官网:The Linux Kernel Archives

三安装一些需要的软件包

$sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev libssl-dev build-essential openssl

四下载内核5.19

https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.19.tar.xz

五解压内核，注意大小写。

方法一:

$ tar -Jxf linux-5.19.tar.xz

方法二：

也可以下面这样，这个是我能记住的，

xz -d linux-5.19.tar.xz

linux-5.19.tar.xz变成了linux-5.19.tar

$ ls
linux-5.19.tar

然后

tar -xf linux-5.19.tar

七使用当前内核的配置文件

把系统自带的内核配置文件复制过来，我的内核版本是

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 5.15.0-41-generic (buildd@lcy02-amd64-065) (gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38) #44-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 22 14:20:53 UTC 2022

所以，当前内核的配置文件是/boot/config-5.15.0-41-generic,注意这是一个.config文件不是一个目录。变成新内核的一个配置文件

cp /boot/config-5.15.0-41-generic arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig

然后执行

make my_defconfig

$ make my_defconfig
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/confdata.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/expr.o
  LEX     scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.c
  YACC    scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.[ch]
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/menu.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/preprocess.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/symbol.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/util.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:435:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for I8K
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:2000:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for MCTP
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:8860:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for VIDEO_ZORAN_DC30
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:8861:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for VIDEO_ZORAN_ZR36060
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:8862:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for VIDEO_ZORAN_BUZ
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:8863:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for VIDEO_ZORAN_DC10
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:8864:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for VIDEO_ZORAN_LML33
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:8865:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for VIDEO_ZORAN_LML33R10
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:8866:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for VIDEO_ZORAN_AVS6EYES
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:9957:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for ANDROID_BINDER_IPC
arch/x86/configs/my_defconfig:9958:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for ANDROID_BINDERFS
#
# configuration written to .config
#
lkmao@lkmao-virtual-machine:~/linux/linux-5.19$

执行完毕后，就会在内核源码根目录下生成一个.config文件。

然后开始编译内核

先查看一下CPU核心数，可以多线程编译内核

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l
4

是四个核心的，看下虚拟机的配置

处理器内核总数是也是4，那就是4了。

然后就是开始编译了。

sudo make -j4

<stdin>:1:10: fatal error: libelf.h: No such file or directory

报错了，解决方法就是安装依赖包

sudo apt-get install libelf-dev

重新编译

sudo make -j4

开始编译了，可以先去刷刷Darren老师的视频了，编译大概需要花费若干分钟左右。很快就编译完了，好可疑啊...,那就开始编译模块吧

sudo make modules，果然报错了

 sudo make modules


  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  CALL    scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh
  DESCEND objtool
  CHK     include/generated/compile.h
  CHK     kernel/kheaders_data.tar.xz
make[1]: *** No rule to make target 'debian/canonical-certs.pem', needed by 'certs/x509_certificate_list'.  Stop.
make: *** [Makefile:1843: certs] Error 2

在.config文件中搜索debian/canonical-certs.pem，找到

CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS

在次make menuconfig 修改CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS的值为空

找到了，它的默认值，就是红框里的值

还是报错

make[1]: *** No rule to make target 'debian/canonical-revoked-certs.pem', needed by 'certs/x509_revocation_list'.  Stop.

grep debian/canonical-revoked-certs.pem .config
CONFIG_SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS="debian/canonical-revoked-certs.pem"

在.config文件中搜索debian/canonical-revoked-certs.pem，找到CONFIG_SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS，在次make menuconfig 修改CONFIG_SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS的值为空

还是在加密模块

看，就是它

把它的值清空

然后保存配置，退出从新编译

sudo make -j4

这次过了好久还在编译，继续等待，盯着... ...,算了，还是先干点别的吧，ubuntu系统默认5分钟不操作自动会锁屏，先关闭锁屏

好了，应该不会锁屏了

第一次更换内核，还是挺激动的，一直忍不住看几眼，时间过的好慢长啊... ...

贴一段内容出来，证明确实编译完成了

  LD [M]  sound/soc/xilinx/snd-soc-xlnx-i2s.ko
  LD [M]  sound/soc/xilinx/snd-soc-xlnx-spdif.ko
  LD [M]  sound/soc/xtensa/snd-soc-xtfpga-i2s.ko
  LD [M]  sound/soundcore.ko
  LD [M]  sound/synth/emux/snd-emux-synth.ko
  LD [M]  sound/synth/snd-util-mem.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/6fire/snd-usb-6fire.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/bcd2000/snd-bcd2000.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/caiaq/snd-usb-caiaq.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/hiface/snd-usb-hiface.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-line6.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-pod.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-podhd.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-toneport.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-variax.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/misc/snd-ua101.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/snd-usb-audio.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/snd-usbmidi-lib.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-us122l.ko
  LD [M]  sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-usx2y.ko
  LD [M]  sound/virtio/virtio_snd.ko
  LD [M]  sound/x86/snd-hdmi-lpe-audio.ko
  LD [M]  sound/xen/snd_xen_front.ko
lkmao@lkmao-virtual-machine:~/kernel/linux-5.19$

9$ find -name bzImage
./arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage
./arch/x86/boot/bzImage

有两个bzImage,不知道用的哪一个。应该是64这个吧

$ ls -lsah ./arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage
0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 lkmao lkmao 22  8月  8 21:52 ./arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage -> ../../x86/boot/bzImage

原来64这个是一个链接，真是...,这几天发现了好多都是链接啊。

$ ls -lsah ./arch/x86/boot/bzImage
10M -rw-rw-r-- 1 lkmao lkmao 10M  8月  8 21:52 ./arch/x86/boot/bzImage

bzImage大小是10M

八开始安装模块

$ sudo make modules_install

这个命令也需要几分钟...，根据输出信息可知，它就是把.ko文件复制到/lib/modules/5.19.0目录

  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-toneport.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-toneport.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-variax.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/line6/snd-usb-variax.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/misc/snd-ua101.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/misc/snd-ua101.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/snd-usb-audio.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/snd-usb-audio.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/snd-usbmidi-lib.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/snd-usbmidi-lib.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-us122l.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-us122l.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-usx2y.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-usx2y.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/virtio/virtio_snd.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/virtio/virtio_snd.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/x86/snd-hdmi-lpe-audio.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/x86/snd-hdmi-lpe-audio.ko
  INSTALL /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/xen/snd_xen_front.ko
  SIGN    /lib/modules/5.19.0/kernel/sound/xen/snd_xen_front.ko
  DEPMOD  /lib/modules/5.19.0
lkmao@lkmao-virtual-machine:~/kernel/linux-5.19$

好了，完毕了

九最后一步，安装内核

sudo make install

lkmao@lkmao-virtual-machine:~/kernel/linux-5.19$ sudo make install
  INSTALL /boot
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 5.19.0 /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 5.19.0 /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 5.19.0 /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/xx-update-initrd-links 5.19.0 /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0
I: /boot/initrd.img.old is now a symlink to initrd.img-5.15.0-41-generic
I: /boot/initrd.img is now a symlink to initrd.img-5.19.0
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 5.19.0 /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.0
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-41-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-41-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-25-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration.
Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry.
done

看到最后的done了。

完成之后就可以重启系统了

sudo reboot

十验证结果

lkmao@lkmao-virtual-machine:~$ cat /proc/version 
Linux version 5.19.0 (lkmao@lkmao-virtual-machine) (gcc (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Aug 8 20:26:54 CST 2022

lkmao@lkmao-virtual-machine:~$ uname -r
5.19.0

版本编程5.19.0，编译时间就是刚刚的时间，验证无误。

遇到的报错

gelf.h

/home/lkmao/linux/linux-5.19/tools/objtool/include/objtool/elf.h:10:10: fatal error: gelf.h: No such file or directory
   10 | #include <gelf.h>
      |          ^~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[3]: *** [/home/lkmao/linux/linux-5.19/tools/build/Makefile.build:97: /home/lkmao/linux/linux-5.19/tools/objtool/weak.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** [Makefile:54: /home/lkmao/linux/linux-5.19/tools/objtool/objtool-in.o] Error 2
make[1]: *** [Makefile:73: objtool] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:1344: tools/objtool] Error 2
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....

解决办法