从0到1学SpringCloud——02 快速创建一个微服务

月夜烛峰

已于 2022-09-09 11:22:15 修改

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分类专栏：从0到1学SpringCloud 文章标签：微服务 spring cloud java spring boot

于 2022-07-21 14:49:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yueyezhufeng/article/details/125911440

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一、前言

创建一个微服务的流程，和之前单机使用spring MVC时基本相似，重点在于不同层级之间pom的依赖配置。

二、创建一个微服务

1、修改pom

接上篇，修改父级项目zhufeng-cloud的pom.xml文件，新增springcloud相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.zhufeng</groupId>
    <artifactId>zhufeng-cloud</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>zhufeng-web</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        
        <fastjson.version>2.0.7</fastjson.version>

        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>

    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>${fastjson.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--配置文件处理器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!--Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--测试依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--依赖库管理-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>

            <!-- spring cloud 依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- spring cloud alibaba 依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

pom.xml文件中主要引入了springboot、springcloud、springcloud alibaba

2、创建包路径

在zhufeng-web-user模块中创建包路径

因为后续我们创建的微服务模块较多，为避免导包冲突，所以各个模块之间的包路径能够区分，最好可以根据包路径能够清楚识别来自哪个模块。

比如在zhufeng-web-user模块创建包路径名称为com.zhufeng.web，或者更明确可以为com.zhufeng.web.user

2、创建启动类

package com.zhufeng.web;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @ClassName: UserApplication
 * @Description 服务启动类
 * @author 月夜烛峰
 * @date 2022/7/21 13:50
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);
    }
}

有时候会因为maven的问题，导致创建启动类时倒包包错，找不到依赖：

选中IDEA右侧侧边栏中的maven页签，点击刷新，重新加载依赖，如下图

3、创建controller

package com.zhufeng.web.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import static org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod.GET;

/**
 * @ClassName: UserController
 * @Description UserController演示
 * @author 月夜烛峰
 * @date 2022/7/21 14:01
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "demo", method = GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String demo() {
        return "hello , 烛峰";
    }

}

简答说一下：

使用类上使用RestController，会把返回值渲染到浏览器，不需要指定页面；

方法体RequestMapping中指定method为Get，那么只能接收get请求

代码目录结构如下：

4、启动微服务

在UserApplication中右键运行


  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.3.7.RELEASE)

2022-07-21 14:03:59.375  INFO 268 --- [           main] com.zhufeng.web.UserApplication          : Starting UserApplication on MacBook-Pro-zhufeng.local with PID 268 (/Users/zhufeng/soft/workplace-idea/gitee/zhufeng-cloud/zhufeng-web/zhufeng-web-user/target/classes started by zhufeng in /Users/zhufeng/soft/workplace-idea/gitee/zhufeng-cloud)
2022-07-21 14:03:59.377  INFO 268 --- [           main] com.zhufeng.web.UserApplication          : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2022-07-21 14:03:59.782  INFO 268 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2022-07-21 14:03:59.786  INFO 268 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2022-07-21 14:03:59.786  INFO 268 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.41]
2022-07-21 14:03:59.818  INFO 268 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2022-07-21 14:03:59.819  INFO 268 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 419 ms
2022-07-21 14:03:59.897  INFO 268 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2022-07-21 14:03:59.969  INFO 268 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2022-07-21 14:03:59.974  INFO 268 --- [           main] com.zhufeng.web.UserApplication          : Started UserApplication in 0.752 seconds (JVM running for 0.964)
2022-07-21 14:04:32.966  INFO 268 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.apache.tomcat.util.http.parser.Cookie  : A cookie header was received [1655876826] that contained an invalid cookie. That cookie will be ignored.
 Note: further occurrences of this error will be logged at DEBUG level.
2022-07-21 14:04:32.969  INFO 268 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2022-07-21 14:04:32.969  INFO 268 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2022-07-21 14:04:32.972  INFO 268 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 3 ms

启动日志正常，在浏览器输入访问地址，127.0.0.1:8080/user/demo (默认端口为8080)