Java编写验证码

验证码（CAPTCHA）是“Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart”（全自动区分计算机和人类的图灵测试）的缩写，是一种区分用户是计算机还是人的公共全自动程序。

验证码的作用：

1、防止刷票、论坛灌水、刷页

2、防止黑客恶意破解密码，盗取用户数据

验证码通常使用一些线条和一些不规则的字符组成，主要作用是为了防止一些黑客把密码数据化盗取。

有效防止某个黑客对某一个特定注册用户用特定程序暴力破解方式进行不断的登录尝试，实际上使用验证码是现在很多网站通行的方式（比如招商银行的网上个人银行，百度社区），我们利用比较简易的方式实现了这个功能。虽然登录麻烦一点，但是对网友的密码安全来说这个功能还是很有必要，也很重要。

2、防止恶意注册、登录

验证码一般是防止批量注册的，人眼看起来都费劲，何况是机器。几乎所有正规的论坛都要求注册时输入验证码，这是为了防止乱发垃圾广告的人用注册机来恶意注册。

代码示例：

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class ValidateCodeController {
	/**
	 * 生成运算验证码
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/validateCode")
	public void validateCode(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 设置响应报头信息
		response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
		response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
		response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
		// 设置响应的MIME类型
		response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
		// 验证码图片边框宽度
		final int WIDTH = 100;
		// 验证码图片边框高度
		final int HEIGHT = 38;
		// 验证码字体高度
		int FONT_HEIGHT = HEIGHT - 12;
		// 验证码干扰线条数
		int INTERFERENCE_LINE = 4;
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(WIDTH, HEIGHT,
				BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		Font mFont = new Font("Arial", Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 18);
		Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
		Random rd = new Random();
		// 设置背景颜色
		g.setColor(new Color(rd.nextInt(55) + 200, rd.nextInt(55) + 200, rd
				.nextInt(55) + 200));
		g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
		// 设置字体
		g.setFont(mFont);
		// 画边框
		g.setColor(Color.black);
		g.drawRect(0, 0, WIDTH - 1, HEIGHT - 1);	
		// 验证码字符串
		String text = getText();
		// 运算表达式
		String operationExpression = text.substring(0, text.lastIndexOf("@") - 1);
		// 计算结果
		String result = text.substring(text.lastIndexOf("@") + 1, text.length());
		HttpSession se = request.getSession();
		se.setAttribute("rand", result);
		g.setColor(new Color(rd.nextInt(200), rd.nextInt(200), rd
				.nextInt(200)));
		// 根据画笔颜色绘制字符
		g.drawString(operationExpression, 5, FONT_HEIGHT);
		int r = 0;
        int gg = 0;
        int b = 0;
		// 绘制干扰线
		int x1, y1, x2, y2;
		for (int i = 0; i < INTERFERENCE_LINE; i++) {
			// 随机生成rgb颜色值，并设置画笔颜色
			r = rd.nextInt(255);
			gg = rd.nextInt(255);
			b = rd.nextInt(255);
			g.setColor(new Color(r, gg, b));
			x1 = rd.nextInt(WIDTH);
			y1 = rd.nextInt(HEIGHT);
			x2 = rd.nextInt(WIDTH);
			y2 = rd.nextInt(HEIGHT);
			// 绘制线条
			g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
		}
		// 释放图形资源
		g.dispose();
		try {
			OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
			// 输出图像到页面
			ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", os);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 获取运算验证码
	 */
	public  String getText() {
		Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
		StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); // 运算验证码结果
		int x = random.nextInt(51);
		int y = random.nextInt(51);
		int operationalRules = random.nextInt(4);
		switch (operationalRules) {
		case 0:
			result = add(x, y);
			break;
		case 1:
			result = subtract(x, y);
			break;
		case 2:
			result = multiply(x, y);
			break;
		case 3:
			result = divide(x, y);
			break;
		}
		return result.toString();
	}
	/**
	 * 加法运算
	 */
	private  StringBuilder add(int x, int y) {
		StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); // 运算验证码结果
		result.append(x);
		result.append(" + ");
		result.append(y);
		result.append(" = ?@");
		result.append(x + y);
		return result;
	}
	/**
	 * 减法运算
	 */
	private  StringBuilder subtract(int x, int y) {
		StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); // 运算验证码结果
		int max = Math.max(x, y);
		int min = Math.min(x, y);
		result.append(max);
		result.append(" - ");
		result.append(min);
		result.append(" = ?@");
		result.append(max - min);
		return result;
	}
	/**
	 * 乘法运算
	 */
	private  StringBuilder multiply(int x, int y) {
		StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); // 运算验证码结果
		int value = x * y;
		result.append(x);
		result.append(value > 100 ? " + " : " * ");
		result.append(y);
		result.append(" = ?@");
		result.append(value > 100 ? x + y : x * y);
		return result;
	}
	/**
	 * 除法运算
	 */
	private  StringBuilder divide(int x, int y) {
		StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); // 运算验证码结果
		int max = Math.max(x, y);
		int min = Math.min(x, y);
		if (min == 0) {
			multiply(max, min);
		} else if (max % min == 0) {
			result.append(max);
			result.append(" / ");
			result.append(min);
			result.append(" = ?@");
			result.append(max / min);
		} else {
			result.append(max);
			result.append(" % ");
			result.append(min);
			result.append(" = ?@");
			result.append(max % min);
		}
		return result;
	}
}