黑马程序员-GUI

------- android培训、 java培训、期待与您交流！ ----------

GUI:Graphical User Interface 图形用户接口
CLI:Command line User Interface 命令行用户接口


Awt和Swing
java.Awt:Abstract Window ToolKit 需要调用本地系统方法实现功能。属于重量级控件
javax.Swing:在awt基础上，建立的一套图形界面系统，提供了更多组件。不依赖本地系统，属于轻量级控件。


布局：容器中组件的排放方式。
FlowLayout：流式布局
BorderLayout：边界布局
GridLayout：网格布局
CardLayout：卡片布局
GridBagLayout：网格包布局



创建图形化界面：
1.创建frame窗体
2.对窗体进行基本设置
比如大小，位置，布局
3.定义组件
4.将组件通过窗体的add方法添加到窗体中。
5.让窗体显示，通过setVisible(true)


事件监听机制的特点：
1.事件源：就是awt包或者swing包中的那些图形界面事件
2.事件：每个事件源都有自己特有的对应事件和共性事件
3.监听器：将可以触发某一个事件的动作都已经封装到了监听器中
4.事件处理：


鼠标和键盘监听事件：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class  FrameDemo
{
	private Frame f;
	private Button but;
	private TextField tf;


	FrameDemo()
	{
		init();
	}
	public void init()
	{
		f = new Frame("frame");


		f.setSize(300,200);
		f.setLocation(500,500);
		f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());


		but = new Button("button");
		tf = new TextField(10);


		f.add(but);
		f.add(tf);


		myEvent();


		f.setVisible(true);
	}


	private void myEvent()
	{
		f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){//窗口关闭事件
		
			public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
			{
				System.exit(0);
			}
		});
		but.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){//活动窗口事件
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				//System.exit(0);
				System.out.println("action ");
			}
		});
		but.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter(){//鼠标监听事件 双击事件
			public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)
			{
				if(e.getClickCount()==2)
					System.out.println("双击动作");
			}
		});
		but.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){//按下ctrl+enter键 退出程序
			public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e)
			{
				if(e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyChar()==KeyEvent.VK_ENTER)
				{
					System.out.println(KeyEvent.getKeyText(e.getKeyCode())+"...."+e.getKeyCode());
					System.exit(0);
				}
			}
		});
		tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){//只允许部分字符输入事件
			public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e)
			{
				if(!(e.getKeyCode()>=KeyEvent.VK_0 && e.getKeyCode()<=KeyEvent.VK_9))
				{
					System.out.println(e.getKeyChar()+"...是非法的");
					e.consume();
				}
			}
		});
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		new FrameDemo();
	}
}

列出文件夹目录：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
class  WindowDemo
{
	private Frame f;
	private Button but;
	private TextField tf;
	private TextArea ta;
	private Dialog d;
	private Label lab;
	private Button okbut;


	WindowDemo()
	{
		init();
	}
	public void init()
	{
		f = new Frame("window");
		f.setBounds(500,200,600,500);
		f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());


		tf = new TextField(50);
		ta = new TextArea(25,70);
		but = new Button("转到");


		f.add(tf);
		f.add(but);
		f.add(ta);


		d = new Dialog(f,"提示",true);
		d.setBounds(600,300,300,100);
		d.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
		lab = new Label();
		okbut = new Button("确定");


		d.add(lab);
		d.add(okbut);


		myEvent();
		f.setVisible(true);
	}
	public void myEvent()
	{
		tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){
			public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e)
			{
				if(e.getKeyCode()==KeyEvent.VK_ENTER)
					showDir();
			}
		});
		but.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				showDir();
			}
		});
		f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
			public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
			{
				System.exit(0);
			}
		});
		/**/
		d.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
			public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
			{
				d.setVisible(false);
			}
		});
		okbut.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				d.setVisible(false);
			}
		});


	}
	public void showDir()
	{
		ta.setText("");
		String dirPath = tf.getText();
		File dir = new File(dirPath);


		if(dir.exists() && dir.isDirectory())
		{
			String[] names = dir.list();


			for(String name : names)
			{
				ta.append(name+"\r\n");
			}
		}
		else
		{
			String info = "您输入的路径"+dirPath+"无效，请重新输入";
			lab.setText(info);
			d.setVisible(true);
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		new WindowDemo();
	}
}

菜单项以及打开保存文件：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
class  MenuBarDemo
{
	private Frame f;
	private MenuBar mb;
	private Menu fileM,createM;
	private MenuItem openMi,closeMi,saveMi,fileMi;
	private TextArea ta;
	private FileDialog openDialog,saveDialog;
	private File file;
	MenuBarDemo()
	{
		init();
	}
	public void init()
	{
		f = new Frame("window");
		f.setBounds(500,150,700,700);
		f.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		ta = new TextArea();
		
		mb = new MenuBar();


		fileM = new Menu("文件");
		createM = new Menu("新建");


		openMi =  new MenuItem("打开");
		closeMi = new MenuItem("退出");
		saveMi = new MenuItem("保存");
		fileMi = new MenuItem("文本文档");


		mb.add(fileM);
		fileM.add(createM);
		fileM.add(openMi);
		fileM.add(saveMi);
		fileM.add(closeMi);
		createM.add(fileMi);


		f.setMenuBar(mb);
		f.add(ta);


		openDialog = new FileDialog(f,"打开",FileDialog.LOAD);
		saveDialog = new FileDialog(f,"保存",FileDialog.SAVE);


		myEvent();


		f.setVisible(true);
	}
	public void myEvent()
	{
		f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
			public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
			{
				System.exit(0);
			}
		});
		closeMi.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				System.exit(0);
			}
		});
		openMi.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){//打开文件，并把文件内容输入到文本框
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				openDialog.setVisible(true);
				String dirPath = openDialog.getDirectory();
				String fileName = openDialog.getFile();
				if(dirPath==null || fileName==null)//如果不作判断，选择文件取消后会发生异常
					return;
				ta.setText("");
				file = new File(dirPath,fileName);
				BufferedReader bufr = null;
				try
				{
					bufr = 
						new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
					String line = null;
					while((line=bufr.readLine())!=null)
					{
						ta.append(line+"\r\n");
					}
				}
				catch (IOException ex)
				{
					throw new RuntimeException("文件打开失败");
				}
				finally
				{
					try
					{
						if(bufr!=null)
							bufr.close();
					}
					catch (IOException ioe)
					{
						throw new RuntimeException("资源关闭失败");
					}
				}
			}
		});
		saveMi.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){//保存文件，需要判断是否要弹出对话框
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				if(file==null)//判断文件是否存在
				{
					saveDialog.setVisible(true);
					String dirPath = saveDialog.getDirectory();
					String fileName = saveDialog.getFile();
					if(dirPath==null || fileName==null)
						return;
					file = new File(dirPath,fileName);
				}
				BufferedWriter bufw = null;
				try
				{
					bufw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file));


					String text = ta.getText();


					bufw.write(text);


				}
				catch (IOException ex)
				{
					throw new RuntimeException("保存文件失败");
				}
				finally
				{
					try
					{
						if(bufw!=null)
							bufw.close();
					}
					catch (IOException ioe)
					{
						throw new RuntimeException("关闭资源失败");
					}
				}
			}
		});
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		new MenuBarDemo();
	}
}