SAS FUNCTIONS
Excerpted from SAS release 8.2 Online Documentation
July, 2004
Arithmetic Functions
| ABS(argument) | returns absolute value |
| DIM<n>(array-name) | returns the number of elements in a one-dimensional array or the number of elements in a specified dimension of a multidimensional array. n specifies the dimension, in a multidimensional array, for which you want to know the the number of elements. |
| DIM(array-name,bound-n) | returns the number of elements in a one-dimensional array or the number of elements in the specified dimension of a multidimensional array bound-n specifies the dimension in a multidimensional array, for which you want to know the number of elements. |
| HBOUND<n>(array-name) | returns the upper bound of an array |
| HBOUND(array-name,bound-n) | returns the upper bound of an array |
| LBOUND<n>(array-name) | returns the lower bound of an array |
| LBOUND(array-name,bound-n) | returns the lower bound of an array |
| MAX(argument,argument, ...) | returns the largest value of the numeric arguments |
| MIN(argument,argument, ...) | returns the smallest value of the numeric arguments |
| MOD(argument-1, argument-2) | returns the remainder |
| SIGN(argument) | returns the sign of a value or 0 |
| SQRT(argument) | returns the square root |
Character Functions
| BYTE(n) | returns one character in the ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence where nis an integer representing a specific ASCII or EBCDIC character |
| COLLATE(start-position<,end-position>) | (start-position<,,length>) | returns an ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence character string |
| COMPBL(source) | removes multiple blanks between words in a character string |
| COMPRESS(source<,characters-to-remove>) | removes specific characters from a character string |
| DEQUOTE(argument) | removes quotation marks from a character value |
| INDEX(source,excerpt) | searches the source for the character string specified by the excerpt |
| INDEXC(source,excerpt-1<, ... excerpt-n>) | searches the source for any character present in the excerpt |
| INDEXW(source,excerpt) | searches the source for a specified pattern as a word |
| LEFT(argument) | left-aligns a SAS character string |
| LENGTH(argument) | returns the length of an argument |
| LOWCASE(argument) | converts all letters in an argument to lowercase |
| QUOTE(argument) | adds double quotation marks to a character value |
| RANK(x) | returns the position of a character in the ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence |
| REPEAT(argument,n) | repeats a character expression |
| REVERSE(argument) | reverses a character expression |
| RIGHT(argument) | right-aligns a character expression |
| SCAN(argument,n<,delimiters>) | returns a given word from a character expression |
| SOUNDEX(argument) | encodes a string to facilitate searching |
| SUBSTR(argument,position<,n>)=characters-to-replace | replaces character value contents |
| var=SUBSTR(argument,position<,n>) | extracts a substring from an argument. (var is any valid SAS variable name.) |
| TRANSLATE(source,to-1,from-1<,...to-n,from-n>) | replaces specific characters in a character expression |
| TRANWRD(source,target,replacement) | replaces or removes all occurrences of a word in a character string |
| TRIM(argument) | removes trailing blanks from character expression and returns one blank if the expression is missing |
| TRIMN(argument) | removes trailing blanks from character expressions and returns a null string if the expression is missing |
| UPCASE(argument) | converts all letters in an argument to uppercase |
| VERIFY(source,excerpt-1<,...excerpt-n) | returns the position of the first character unique to an expression |
Date and Time Functions
| DATDIF(sdate,edate,basis) | returns the number of days between two dates |
| DATE() | returns the current date as a SAS date value |
| DATEJUL(julian-date) | converts a Julian date to a SAS date value |
| DATEPART(datetime) | extracts the date from a SAS datetime value |
| DATETIME() | returns the current date and time of day |
| DAY(date) | returns the day of the month from a SAS date value |
| DHMS(date,hour,minute,second) | returns a SAS datetime value from date, hour, minute, and second |
| HMS(hour,minute,second) | returns a SAS time value from hour, minute, and second |
| HOUR(<time | datetime>) | returns the hour from a SAS time or datetime value |
| INTCK('interval',from,to) | returns the number of time intervals in a given time span |
| INTNX('interval',start-from,increment<,'alignment'>) | advances a date, time, or datetime value by a given interval, and returns a date, time, or datetime value |
| JULDATE(date) | returns the Julian date from a SAS date value |
| MDY(month,day,year) | returns a SAS date value from month, day, and year values |
| MINUTE(time | datetime) | returns the minute from a SAS time or datetime value |
| MONTH(date) | returns the month from a SAS date value |
| QTR(date) | returns the quarter of the year from a SAS date value |
| SECOND(time | datetime) | returns the second from a SAS time or datetime value |
| TIME() | returns the current time of day |
| TIMEPART(datetime) | extracts a time value from a SAS datetime value |
| TODAY() | returns the current date as a SAS date value |
| WEEKDAY(date) | returns the day of the week from a SAS date value |
| YEAR(date) | returns the year from a SAS date value |
| YRDIF(sdate,edate,basis) | returns the difference in years between two dates |
| YYQ(year,quarter) | returns a SAS date value from the year and quarter |
Mathematical Functions
| AIRY(x) | returns the value of the AIRY function |
| DAIRY(x) | returns the derivative of the AIRY function |
| DIGAMMA(argument) | returns the value of the DIGAMMA function |
| ERF(argument) | returns the value of the (normal) error function |
| ERFC(argument) | returns the value of the (normal) error function |
| EXP(argument) | returns the value of the exponential function |
| GAMMA(argument) | returns the value of the GAMMA function |
| IBESSEL(nu,x,kode) | returns the value of the modified bessel function |
| JBESSEL(nu,x) | returns the value of the bessel function |
| LGAMMA(argument) | returns the natural logarithm of the GAMMA function |
| LOG(argument) | returns the natural (base e) logarithm |
| LOG2(argument) | returns the logarithm to the base 2 |
| LOG10(argument) | returns the logarithm to the base 10 |
| TRIGAMMA(argument) | returns the value of the TRIGAMMA function |
Noncentrality Functions
| CNONCT(x,df,prob) | returns the noncentrality parameter from a chi-squared distribution |
| FNONCT(x,ndf,ddf,prob) | returns the value of the noncentrality parameter of an F distribution |
| TNONCT(x,df,prob) | returns the value of the noncentrality parameter from the student's t distribution |
Probability and Density Functions
| CDF('dist',quantile,parm-1,...,parm-k) | computes cumulative distribution functions |
| LOGPDF|LOGPMF('dist',quantile,parm-1,...,parm-k) | computes the logarithm of a probability density (mass) function. The two functions are identical. |
| LOGSDF('dist',quantile,parm-1,...,parm-k) | computes the logarithm of a survival function |
| PDF|PMF('dist',quantile,parm-1,...,parm-k) | computes probability density (mass) functions |
| POISSON(m,n) | returns the probability from a POISSON distribution |
| PROBBETA(x,a,b) | returns the probability from a beta distribution |
| PROBBNML(p,n,m) | returns the probability from a binomial distribution |
| PROBCHI(x,df<,nc>) | returns the probability from a chi-squared distribution |
| PROBF(x,ndf,ddf<,nc>) | returns the probability from an F distribution |
| PROBGAM(x,a) | returns the probability from a gamma distribution |
| PROBHYPR(N,K,n,x<,r>) | returns the probability from a hypergeometric distribution |
| PROBMC | probabilities and critical values (quantiles) from various distributions for multiple comparisons of the means of several groups. |
| PROBNEGB(p,n,m) | returns the probability from a negative binomial distribution |
| PROBBNRM(x,y,r) | standardized bivariate normal distribution |
| PROBNORM(x) | returns the probability from the standard normal distribution |
| PROBT(x,df<,nc>) | returns the probability from a Student's t distribution |
| SDF('dist',quantile,parm-1,...,parm-k) | computes a survival function |
Quantile Functions
| BETAINV(p,a,b) | returns a quantile from the beta distribution |
| CINV(p,df<,nc>) | returns a quantile from the chi-squared distribution |
| FINV(p,ndf,ddf<,nc>) | returns a quantile from the F distribution |
| GAMINV(p,a) | returns a quantile from the gamma distribution |
| PROBIT(p) | returns a quantile from the standard normal distribution |
| TINV(p,df<,nc>) | returns a quantile from the t distribution |
Sample Statistics Functions
| CSS(argument,argument,...) | returns the corrected sum of squares |
| CV(argument,argument,...) | returns the coefficient of variation |
| KURTOSIS(argument,argument,...) | returns the kurtosis (or 4th moment) |
| MAX(argument,argument, ...) | returns the largest value |
| MIN(argument,argument, ...) | returns the smallest value |
| MEAN(argument,argument, ...) | returns the arithmetic mean (average) |
| MISSING(numeric-expression | character-expression) | returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value |
| N(argument,argument, ....) | returns the number of nonmissing values |
| NMISS(argument,argument, ...) | returns the number of missing values |
| ORDINAL(count,argument,argument,...) | returns the largest value of a part of a list |
| RANGE(argument,argument,...) | returns the range of values |
| SKEWNESS(argument,argument,argument,...) | returns the skewness |
| STD(argument,argument,...) | returns the standard deviation |
| STDERR(argument,argument,...) | returns the standard error of the mean |
| SUM(argument,argument,...) | returns the sum |
| USS(argument,argument,...) | returns the uncorrected sum of squares |
| VAR(argument,argument,...) | returns the variance |
State and ZIP Code Functions
| FIPNAME(expression) | converts FIPS codes to uppercase state names | ||
| FIPNAMEL(expression) | converts FIPS codes to mixed case state names | ||
| FIPSTATE(expression) | converts FIPS codes to two-character postal codes | ||
| STFIPS(postal-code) | converts state postal codes to FIPS state codes | ||
| STNAME(postal-code) | converts state postal codes to uppercase state names
| ||
| STNAMEL(postal-code) | converts state postal codes to mixed case state names
| ||
| ZIPFIPS(zip-code) | converts ZIP codes to FIPS state codes | ||
| ZIPNAME(zip-code) | converts ZIP codes to uppercase state names | ||
| ZIPNAMEL(zip-code) | converts ZIP codes to mixed case state names | ||
| ZIPSTATE(zip-code) | converts ZIP codes to state postal codes |
Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions
| ARCOS(argument) | returns the arccosine |
| ARSIN(argument) | returns the arcsine |
| ATAN(argument) | returns the arctangent |
| COS(argument) | returns the cosine |
| COSH(argument) | returns the hyperbolic cosine |
| SIN(argument) | returns the sine |
| SINH(argument) | returns the hyperbolic sine |
| TAN(argument) | returns the tangent |
| TANH(argument) | returns the hyperbolic tangent |
Truncation Functions
| CEIL(argument) | returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument |
| FLOOR(argument) | returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument |
| FUZZ(argument) | returns the nearest integer if the argument is within 1E-12 |
| INT(argument) | returns the integer value |
| ROUND(argument,round-off-unit) | rounds to the nearest round-off unit |
| TRUNC(number, length) | truncates a numeric value to a specified length |
Variable Information Functions
| GETVARC(data-set-id,var-num) | returns the value of a SAS data set character variable |
| GETVARN(data-set-id,var-num) | returns the value of a SAS data set numeric variable |
| VARFMT(data-set-id,var-num) | returns the format assigned to a SAS data set variable |
| VARINFMT(data-set-id,var-num) | returns the informat assigned to a SAS data set variable |
| VARLABEL(data-set-id,var-num) | returns the label assigned to a SAS data set variable |
| VARLEN(data-set-id,var-num) | returns the length of a SAS data set variable |
| VARNAME(data-set-id,var-num) | returns the name of a SAS data set variable |
| VARNUM(data-set-id,var-name) | returns the number of a SAS data set variable's position in a SAS data set |
| VARRAY(name) | returns a value that indicates whether the specified name is an array |
| VARRAYX(expression) | returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is an array |
| VARTYPE(data-set-id,var-num) | returns the data type of a SAS data set variable |
| VFORMAT(var) | returns the format associated with the given variable |
| VFORMATD(var) | returns the format decimal value associated with the given variable |
| VFORMATDX(expression) | returns the format decimal value associated with the value of the specified argument |
| VFORMATN(var) | returns the format name associated with the given variable |
| VFORMATNX(expression) | returns the format name associated with the value of the specified argument |
| VFORMATW(var) | returns the format width associated with the given variable |
| VFORMATWX(expression) | returns the format width associated with the value of the specified argument |
| VFORMATX(expression) | returns the format associated with the value of the specified argument |
| VINARRAY(var) | returns a value that indicates whether the given variable is a member of an array |
| VINARRAYX(expression) | returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is a member of an array |
| VINFORMAT(var) | returns the informat associated with the given variable |
| VINFORMATD(var) | returns the informat decimal value associated with the given variable |
| VINFORMATDX(expression) | returns the informat decimal value associated with the value of the specified argument |
| VINFORMATN(var) | returns the informat name associated with the given variable |
| VINFORMATNX(expression) | returns the informat name associated with the value of the specified argument |
| VINFORMATW(var) | returns the informat width associated with the given variable |
| VINFORMATWX(expression) | returns the informat width associated with the value of the specified argument |
| VINFORMATX(expression) | returns the informat associated with the value of the specified argument |
| VLABEL(var) | returns the label associated with the given variable |
| VLABELX(expression) | returns the variable label for the value of a specified argument |
| VLENGTH(var) | returns the compile-time (allocated) size of the given variable |
| VLENGTHX(expression) | returns the compile-time (allocated) size for the value of the specified argument |
| VNAME(var) | returns the name of the given variable |
| VNAMEX(expression) | validates the value of the specified argument as a variable name |
| VTYPE(var) | returns the type (character or numeric) of the given variable |
| VTYPEX(expression) | returns the type (character or numeric) for the value of the specified argument |
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