3D游戏编程(五)

光照和材质已经使三维图形具有较强的立体感, 如果给三维网格填充上二维图形 (纹理, Texture), 则可表现出更为逼真的场景效果.

第六步: 纹理

(一) 使用方法

1. 声明IDirect3DTecture对象;

2. 声明纹理坐标顶点;

3. 创建纹理 (文件导入或光影贴图);

4. 设置纹理层 (texture stage);

5. 指定绘制纹理;

6. 绘制网格.

#define SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
#define MAX_TRIANGLES 100

struct  CUSTOMVERTEX
... {
    D3DXVECTOR3 position;                // 顶点三维坐标
    D3DCOLOR color;                             // 顶点颜色
#ifdef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
    FLOAT tu,tv;                                         // 纹理坐标
#endif
} ;

struct  CUSTOMVERTEX
... {
    D3DXVECTOR3 position;                // 顶点三维坐标
    D3DCOLOR color;                             // 顶点颜色
#ifdef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
    FLOAT tu,tv;                                         // 纹理坐标
#endif
} ;

HRESULT InitGeometry()
... {
    // 由文件创建纹理
    if(FAILED(D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(g_pD3DDevice, _T("yulefox.jpg"), &g_pTexture)))
    ...{
        MessageBox(NULL, _T("找不到文件:-("), _T("Tetris2007.exe"), MB_OK);
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    // 创建顶点缓冲
    if(FAILED(g_pD3DDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(2 * MAX_TRIANGLES * sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
            0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVB, NULL)))
    ...{
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    // 写入缓冲
    // 将纹理的u, v坐标值设置在0.0~1.0之间
    CUSTOMVERTEX *pVertices;
    if(FAILED(g_pVB->Lock(0, 0, (void **)&pVertices, 0)))
    ...{
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    for(DWORD i=0; i<MAX_TRIANGLES; i++)
    ...{
        FLOAT theta = (2 * D3DX_PI * i) / (MAX_TRIANGLES - 1);
        pVertices[2*i+0].position = D3DXVECTOR3(sinf(theta), -1.0f, cosf(theta));    // 气缸上方圆
        pVertices[2*i+0].color = 0xffffffff;
#ifndef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
        pVertices[2*i+0].tu = ((FLOAT)i) / (MAX_TRIANGLES - 1);
        pVertices[2*i+0].tv = 1.0f;
#endif
        pVertices[2*i+1].position = D3DXVECTOR3(sinf(theta), 1.0f, cosf(theta));    // 气缸下方圆
        pVertices[2*i+1].color = 0xff808080;
#ifndef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
        pVertices[2*i+1].tu = ((FLOAT)i) / (MAX_TRIANGLES - 1);
        pVertices[2*i+1].tv = 0.0f;
#endif
    }
    g_pVB->Unlock();

    return S_OK;
}

void  Render()
... {
    ......
    // 开始渲染
    if(SUCCEEDED(g_pD3DDevice->BeginScene()))
    ...{
        // 创建矩阵
        SetupMatrices();

        // 创建纹理层
        g_pD3DDevice->SetTexture(0, g_pTexture);
        g_pD3DDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_MODULATE);
        g_pD3DDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE);
        g_pD3DDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
        g_pD3DDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_ALPHAOP, D3DTOP_DISABLE);

#ifdef SHOW_HOW_TO_USE_TCI
        // 使用摄像机坐标系的顶点信息创建纹理坐标
        // 将x, y, z, TCI坐标变换为u, v坐标

        // 将(-1.0~1.0)值变换为(0.0~1.0)值的矩阵
        // tu = 0.5 * x + 0.5
        // tv = -0.5 * y + 0.5
        D3DXMATRIXA16 mat(0.25f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f,
                            0.00f, -0.25f, 0.00f, 0.00f,
                            0.00f, 0.00f, 1.00f, 0.00f,
                            0.50f, 0.50f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
        g_pD3DDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_TEXTURE0, &mat);    // 纹理变换矩阵
        g_pD3DDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_TEXTURETRANSFORMFLAGS, D3DTTFF_COUNT2);    // 使用二维纹理
        g_pD3DDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_TEXCOORDINDEX, D3DTSS_TCI_CAMERASPACEPOSITION);    // 变换摄像机坐标系
#endif

        // 绘制顶点缓冲
        // 绑定设备数据流
        g_pD3DDevice->SetStreamSource(0, g_pVB, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX));

        // 指定顶点着色信息(FVF)
        g_pD3DDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX);

        // 输出
        g_pD3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2 * MAX_TRIANGLES - 2);
        // 结束渲染
        g_pD3DDevice->EndScene();
    }

    // 显示后置缓冲的画面
    g_pD3DDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}