Qt显示WAV音频文件的波形图/频谱图

https://download.csdn.net/download/yulinxx/13507147

wav文件读取类 WaveFile

#ifndef WAVEFILE_H
#define WAVEFILE_H

#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class WaveFile
{
public:
	struct waveHead
	{
		char sign[4];				// "RIFF"标志 4
		unsigned long int flength;     // 文件长度 8
		char wavesign[4];     // "WAVE"标志 12
		char fmtsign[4];       // "fmt"标志 16
		unsigned long int unused;			// 过渡字节（不定）20

		unsigned short formattype;		// 格式类别（10H为PCM形式的声音数据) 22
		unsigned short  channelnum;		// 声道数，单声道为1，双声道为2  24

		unsigned long int  samplerate;	// 采样频率（每秒样本数），表示每个通道的播放速度 28
		unsigned long int transferrate;   // 数据传输速率，每秒字节数

		unsigned short int adjustnum;    // 每样本字节数，一个数据单位所占的字节/单个采样位深
		unsigned short int databitnum;  // 每样本位数，调整数*8 36
	}head;

public:
	WaveFile();
	~WaveFile();

public:
	bool WavRead(string filename);
	bool readWave(string filename);

	short* getData();
	unsigned short getChannelNum();
	unsigned short getBytePerSample();
	int getSampleNum();		// 样本数

	short* Data = nullptr; //数据块指针

protected:
public:
	unsigned long int m_nDataLength = 0;		// 采样数据总数
	unsigned long int m_nTotalSample = 0;		// 采样点数
	unsigned long int m_nBitPerSample = 0;	// 采样位数
	unsigned long int m_nDataNum = 0;         // 数据块大小


	unsigned short  m_nChannelNum = 0;
	unsigned short  m_bytePerSample = 0;
	int m_nSampleNum = 0;		// 样本数
	std::mutex		m_mtx;
};

#endif // WAVEFILE_H


```cpp
#include "wavefile.h"
#include <QDebug>


WaveFile::WaveFile()
{

}

WaveFile::~WaveFile()
{
	if (Data)
	{
		delete Data;
	}
}

bool WaveFile::WavRead(string filename)
{
	std::thread readThread(&WaveFile::readWave, this, filename);
	readThread.detach();
	return true;
}

bool WaveFile::readWave(string filename)
{
	if (Data)
	{
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> locker(m_mtx);
		delete Data;
		Data = nullptr;
	}

	FILE *fp = nullptr;
	if ((fp = fopen(filename.c_str(), "rb")) == NULL)
		return false;

	int nSizeH = sizeof(head);

	fread(&head, sizeof(head), 1, fp);

	char datasign[4];
	fread(datasign, 4, 1, fp);			// "DATA" 子块数据域大小
	fread(&m_nDataLength, 4, 1, fp);	// PCM音频数据长度

	m_nTotalSample = m_nDataLength / head.adjustnum;		// 采样数 = 文件总长 / 采样位深
	m_nBitPerSample = head.databitnum / head.channelnum;	// 每秒数据大小 / 声道数
	m_nDataNum = m_nTotalSample * m_nBitPerSample / 16;	// 总采样数 * 每

	//
	m_bytePerSample = head.databitnum / 8;
	m_nSampleNum = m_nDataLength / m_bytePerSample;

	m_nChannelNum = head.channelnum;

	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> locker(m_mtx);		
	unsigned char chTemp;
	unsigned short nTemp;

	//单字节样本值v为无符号整数(0~255)，实际样本值应为v-128；多字节样本值本身就是有符号的，可直接使用
	if (m_nChannelNum == 1)	// 单声道
	{
		Data = new short[m_nSampleNum];
		if (m_bytePerSample == 1)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_nSampleNum; i++)
			{
				fread(&chTemp, 1, 1, fp);
				Data[i] = chTemp - 128;
			}
		}
		else if (m_bytePerSample == 2)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_nSampleNum; i++)
			{
				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
				Data[i] = (short)nTemp;
			}
		}
		else if (m_bytePerSample == 3)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_nSampleNum; i++)
			{
				fread(&chTemp, 1, 1, fp);
				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
				Data[i] = chTemp + nTemp;
			}
		}
		else if (m_bytePerSample == 4)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_nSampleNum; i++)
			{
				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
				Data[i] = (short)nTemp;
			}
		}
	}
	else if (m_nChannelNum == 2)	//	双声道
	{
		Data = new short[m_nSampleNum / 2];
		if (m_bytePerSample == 1)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_nSampleNum / 2; i++)
			{
				fread(&chTemp, 1, 1, fp);
				Data[i] = chTemp - 128;

				fread(&chTemp, 1, 1, fp);
			}
		}
		else if (m_bytePerSample == 2)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_nSampleNum / 2; i++)
			{
				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
				Data[i] =nTemp;

				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
			}
		}
		else if (m_bytePerSample == 3)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_nSampleNum / 2; i++)
			{
				fread(&chTemp, 1, 1, fp);
				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
				Data[i] = chTemp + nTemp;

				fread(&chTemp, 1, 1, fp);
				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
			}
		}
		else if (m_bytePerSample == 4)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < m_nSampleNum / 2; i++)
			{
				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
				Data[i] = (short)nTemp;

				fread(&nTemp, 2, 1, fp);
			}
		}
	}

	fclose(fp);
	return true;
}

short* WaveFile::getData()
{
	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> locker(m_mtx);
	return Data;
}

unsigned short WaveFile::getChannelNum()
{
	return m_nChannelNum;
}

unsigned short WaveFile::getBytePerSample()
{
	return m_nBitPerSample;
}

int WaveFile::getSampleNum()
{
	return m_nSampleNum;
}

使用:

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include "WaveFile.h"
#include <QWidget>

class waveWidget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit waveWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~waveWidget();

public:
	void setWavFile(QString strFileName);

protected:
	virtual void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event) override;

private:
    void drawSingleChannel(QPainter &p, int W, int H);
    void drawDoubleChannel(QPainter &p, int W, int H);

    // 波形图解析
    WaveFile m_Wavefile;
};

#endif // WIDGET_H

#include "waveWidget.h"

#include <QPainter>
#include <QDebug>

#define MIN(x,y) (x)<(y)?(x):(y)
#define MAX(x,y) (x)>(y)?(x):(y)


waveWidget::waveWidget(QWidget *parent) :
	QWidget(parent)
{
	setWavFile(QString::fromLocal8Bit("E:\\coin.wav"));
}

waveWidget::~waveWidget()
{
	//delete ui;
}

void waveWidget::setWavFile(QString strFileName)
{
	//m_Wavefile.WavRead(strFileName.toStdString());
	m_Wavefile.readWave(string((const char *)strFileName.toLocal8Bit()));
}

void waveWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e)
{
	int W = this->width();
	int H = this->height();

	QPixmap pix(W, H);   //以此为参数创建一个位图变量

	QPalette palette;
	QColor color = palette.color(QPalette::Window);
	pix.fill(color);		// 用窗口背景色填充位图背景色

	QPainter p(&pix);   //以位图为参数创建一个QPainter 对象
	QPen pen;
	pen.setColor(QColor(0, 110, 0));   //波形图画笔
	p.setPen(pen);      //设置画笔

	{
		if (m_Wavefile.getChannelNum() == 1)		// 单声道
			drawSingleChannel(p, W, H);
		else if (m_Wavefile.getChannelNum() == 2)	// 双声道
			drawDoubleChannel(p, W, H);
	}

	QPainter painter(this);     // 获取当前画布
	painter.drawPixmap(0, 0, pix);    // 将位图画到画布上，单缓冲技术
}


void waveWidget::drawSingleChannel(QPainter &p, int W, int H)
{
	// 将样本的高度映射到所需高度
	float A = pow(2.0, 8.0 * m_Wavefile.m_bytePerSample - 1);
	int x = 0, y = H / 2;
	while (x < W)
	{
		int min = INT_MAX, max = INT_MAX+1;
		for (int j = x * (m_Wavefile.m_nSampleNum / 2 / W); j < (x + 1) * (m_Wavefile.m_nSampleNum / 2 / W); j++)
		{
			if (j > 0 && j < m_Wavefile.m_nSampleNum)
			{
				if (m_Wavefile.Data[j] < min)
					min = m_Wavefile.Data[j];
				if (m_Wavefile.Data[j] > max)
					max = m_Wavefile.Data[j];
			}
		}
		qDebug() << y + (max * H / 2.0 / A) << "---" << y + (min * H / 2.0 / A);
		p.drawLine(x, y + (max * H / 2.0 / A), x, y + (min * H / 2.0 / A));
		x++;
	}
	return;
}

void waveWidget::drawDoubleChannel(QPainter &p, int W, int H)
{
	float A = pow(2.0, 8.0 * m_Wavefile.m_bytePerSample - 1);

	int x = 0, y = H / 2;
	while (x < W)
	{
		int min = INT_MAX, max = INT_MIN;
		for (int j = x * (m_Wavefile.m_nSampleNum / 2 / W); j < (x + 1) * (m_Wavefile.m_nSampleNum / 2 / W); j++)
		{
			if (j > 0 && j < m_Wavefile.m_nSampleNum && m_Wavefile.Data[j] < min)
				min = m_Wavefile.Data[j];
			if (j > 0 && j<m_Wavefile.m_nSampleNum && m_Wavefile.Data[j]>max)
				max = m_Wavefile.Data[j];
		}

		int y1 = y + (max * H / 2.0 / A);
		int y2 = y + (min * H / 2.0 / A);
		p.drawLine(x, y1, x, y2);
		x++;
	}
	return;
}