1 创建表
语法:
CREATE TABLE table_name (
field1 datatype,
field2 datatype,
field3 datatype
) character set 字符集 collate 校验规则 engine 存储引擎;
说明:
- field 表示列名
- datatype 表示列的类型
- character set 字符集,如果没有指定字符集,则以所在数据库的字符集为准
- collate 校验规则,如果没有指定校验规则,则以所在数据库的校验规则为准
2 创建表案例
create table users(
-> id int,
-> name varchar(32) comment'用户名',
-> password char(32) comment '密码是32位',
-> birthday date comment '生日'
-> )character set utf8 engine MYISAM;
说明:
- 不同的存储引擎,创建表的文件不一样。
users 表存储引擎是 MyISAM ,在数据目中有三个不同的文件,分别是:
- users.frm:表结构
- users.MYD:表数据
- users.MYI:表索引
创建一个engine是innodb的数据库,观察存储目录。
3 查看表结构
mysql> desc users;
4 修改表
在项目实际开发中,经常修改某个表的结构,比如字段名字,字段大小,字段类型,表的字符集类型,表的存储引
擎等等。我们还有需求,添加字段,删除字段等等。这时我们就需要修改表。
ALTER TABLE tablename ADD (column datatype [DEFAULT expr][,column datatype]...);
ALTER TABLE tablename MODIfy (column datatype [DEFAULT expr][,column datatype]...);
ALTER TABLE tablename DROP (column);
案例:
- 在users表添加二条记录
mysql> insert into users values(1, 'liyulong', '10086', '1995-10-03'),(2, 'zhangsan', '10058', '1955-12-20');
- 在users表添加一个字段,用于保存图片路径
mysql> alter table users add assets varchar(100) comment '图片路径' after birthday;
- 在users中插入年龄字段
mysql> alter table users add yearold int comment '年龄' after id;
插入新字段后,对原来表中的数据没有影响:
mysql> select * from users;
+------+---------+----------+----------+------------+---------+
| id | yearold | name | password | birthday | assents |
+------+---------+----------+----------+------------+---------+
| 1 | NULL | liyulong | 10086 | 1995-10-03 | NULL |
| 2 | NULL | zhangsan | 10058 | 1955-12-20 | NULL |
+------+---------+----------+----------+------------+---------+
- 修改name,将其长度改成60
mysql> alter table users modify name varchar(60);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc users;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| yearold | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(60) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | char(32) | YES | | NULL | |
| birthday | date | YES | | NULL | |
| assents | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 删除password列
注意:删除字段一定要小心,删除字段及其对应的列数据都没了
mysql> alter table users drop password;
mysql> desc users;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| yearold | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(60) | YES | | NULL | |
| birthday | date | YES | | NULL | |
| assents | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 修改表名
mysql> alter table users rename to tt;
mysql> select * from tt;
+------+---------+----------+------------+---------+
| id | yearold | name | birthday | assents |
+------+---------+----------+------------+---------+
| 1 | NULL | liyulong | 1995-10-03 | NULL |
| 2 | NULL | zhangsan | 1955-12-20 | NULL |
+------+---------+----------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
to:可以省掉。
- 将name列修改为xingming
mysql> alter table tt change name xingming varchar(60);
mysql> desc tt;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| yearold | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| xingming | varchar(60) | YES | | NULL | |
| birthday | date | YES | | NULL | |
| assents | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5 删除表
语法格式:
DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS] tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...
示例:
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_liyulong |
+--------------------+
| tt |
| users2 |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table users2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_liyulong |
+--------------------+
| tt |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)