观察者模式

观察者模式：定义了对象之间的一对多依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态时，它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并更新。

 

观察者分为主题，观察者对象。

 

public interface Subject{

      public void registerObserver(Observer o);//注册观察者

      public void removeObserver(Observer o);//删除观察者

      public void notifyObservers();//通知观察者

}

 

public interface ObServer{

      public void update();//所有的观察者都必须实现update方法，以实现观察者接口。

}

 

气象站例子：温度改变更新每一个布告栏（观察者）。

主题：

public class WeatherData implements Subject{

     private float temperature;

     private float humidity;

     private float pressure;

     private List<Observer> obersers; //保存添加的观察者对象

   

      public WeatherData(){

        obersers = new ArrayList<Observer>();

     }

      @Override

      public void  registerObserver(Observer o){

          obersers.add(o);

      }

      @Override

       public void removeObserver(Observer o){

          obersers.remove(o);

       }

       @Override

       public void notifyObservers(){

         for(Observero : observers){

               o.update(temperature,humidity,pressure);//更新注册的观察者对象

         }

       }

       public void measurementsChanged(){

             notifyObservers();

        }

       /**

           得到天气情况，测试用。也可实际抓取

        */

        public void setMeasuremetns(float tmperature,float humidity,float pressure){

              this.tmperature = tmperature;

              this.humidity = humidity;

              this.pressure = pressure;

              mesurementsChanged();

        }

}

 

观察者：

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implemens Observer,DisplayElement{

     private float temperature;

     private Subject weatherData;//保存主题，删除观察者对象时可用

     public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData){

         this.weatherData= weatherData;

         weatherData.registerObserver(this);

     }

     @Override

     public void update(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure){

        this.temperature = temperature;

        this.humidity = humidity;

        this.pressure = pressure;

     }

     @Override

     public void display(){

       System.out.println("温度："+temperature);

     }

 

 

}

 

启动气象站

   public class WeatherStation{

       public static void main(String[] str){

           WeatherData weaterDate = new WeatherData();//新建一个主题

           CurrentConditionDisplay currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplay(weaterDate );

           weaterDate.setMesurement(80,65,30.4f);//改变温度

       }

    }

 

 使用java内置的观察者模式

 

利用java内置的支持重做气象站

主题：继承Observable类

public class WeatherData extends Observable{

       private float temperature;

       private float humidity;

       private float pressure;

       public WeaterData(){

       }

      public setMesurements(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure){

             this.temperature = temperature;

             this.humidity = humidity;

             this.pressure = pressure;

             mesurementsChanged();

       }

        public float getTemperature(){

            return temperature;

        }

 

        public float getHumidity(){

            return humidity ;

        }

         

        public float getPressure(){

            return pressure;

        }

        public mesurementsChanged(){

            setChanged();

            notifyObersers();//用拉的方式

        }

}

 

 

观察者：实现Observer

 

public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer,DisplayElements{

         private Observal weatherData;

         private float temperature;

         private humidity;

         public CurrentConditionDisplay(Observal observal){

            this.weatherData = observal;

            weatherData.addObserver(this);

         }

         @Override

         public void update(Observal weatherData,Object arg){

           if(weatherData instanceof WeatherDate){

               this.weatherDate = weatherData;

               this.temperature = weatherData.getTemperature();

               this.humidity = weatherData.getHumidity();

               display();

           }

        }

        @Override

         public void display(){

            System.out.println("温度："+tmeperature +"/r/n");

         }

 

}

 

 

在JDK中，并非只有在java.util包中才能找到观察者模式，在JavaBeans和Swing中，也都实现了观察者模式。