jpa2.1配置多个数据源和事务及Executing an update/delete query异常处理

项目中需要连接2个数据库，配置完成后发现第二个事务不起作用，并且会报javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query异常，折腾了2天终于找到了原因，原来是因为jpa2.0和jpa2.1事务处理有变化，下面把解决步骤记录下来，方便自己以后和需要的朋友查看：
首先按照下面方法配置2个数据源并且配置好persistence.xml文件。
数据源配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
       ">
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:/config.properties" ignore-resource-not-found="true" ignore-unresolvable="true" />

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="orchestrationTransactionManager" />
    <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>

    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath*:/persistence.xml" />
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="persistenceUnit" />
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="showSql" value="true" />
                <!--集成和开发时设置true，最终的环境设置为false-->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="true" />
            </bean>
        </property>
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">false</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">false</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size">50</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">30</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.connection.isolation">3</prop>
                <prop key="javax.persistence.validation.mode">none</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
        <qualifier value="defaultEM" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url.alarm}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username.alarm}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password.alarm}" />
        <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${connection_pools.initial_pool_size}" />
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="${connection_pools.min_pool_size}" />
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${connection_pools.max_pool_size}" />
        <property name="maxIdleTime" value="${connection_pools.max_idle_time}" />
        <property name="acquireIncrement" value="${connection_pools.acquire_increment}" />
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="${connection_pools.checkout_timeout}" />
        <!--对于每个从连接池拿出去的数据库连接，如果一段时间内没有归还，C3P0就会强制关闭这个连接-->
        <property name="debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces" value="${connection_pools.debug_unreturned_connection_stackTraces}"/>
        <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="${connection_pools.idle_connection_test_period}"/>
        <property name="preferredTestQuery" value="SELECT 1" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="orchestrationDataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url.orchestration}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username.orchestration}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password.orchestration}" />
        <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${connection_pools.initial_pool_size}" />
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="${connection_pools.min_pool_size}" />
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${connection_pools.max_pool_size}" />
        <property name="maxIdleTime" value="${connection_pools.max_idle_time}" />
        <property name="acquireIncrement" value="${connection_pools.acquire_increment}" />
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="${connection_pools.checkout_timeout}" />
        <!--对于每个从连接池拿出去的数据库连接，如果一段时间内没有归还，C3P0就会强制关闭这个连接-->
        <property name="debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces" value="${connection_pools.debug_unreturned_connection_stackTraces}"/>
        <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="${connection_pools.idle_connection_test_period}"/>
        <property name="preferredTestQuery" value="SELECT 1" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="orchestrationTransactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="orchestrationEntityManagerFactory"/>
        <qualifier value="orchestrationEM" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="orchestrationEntityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="orchestrationDataSource" />
        <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath*:/persistence.xml" />
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="persistenceUnitOr" />
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="showSql" value="true" />
                <!--集成和开发时设置true，最终的环境设置为false-->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="true" />
            </bean>
        </property>
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">false</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">false</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size">50</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">30</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.connection.isolation">3</prop>
                <prop key="javax.persistence.validation.mode">none</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
             http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd" version="2.0">

    <persistence-unit name="persistenceUnit" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"></persistence-unit>

    <persistence-unit name="persistenceUnitOr" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"></persistence-unit>

</persistence>

配置好运行程序发现orchestrationTransactionManager事务不起作用，也就是没有事务，上一个项目可以使用，为什么这个不行呢？
原来是jpa版本的问题：
上一个项目用的是jpa2.0

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>

而这个项目用的是jpa2.1

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0.Final</version>
</dependency>

查看Transaction的源码发现2者有区别，先看看2.0的：

这是2.1的：

对比后会发现value的上面使用了@AliasFor注解到“transactionManager”上去了，所以我们要自定义一个value的值；

即在需要使用“orchestrationTransactionManager”事务的Transaction中设置value的值：
@Transactional(value = "orchestrationTransactionManager")
会发现事务可以使用了。

另：数据源的配置可以参考：http://blog.csdn.net/ning313180989/article/details/7284353
有什么更好的方法欢迎大家一起讨论。