1. scanf
1.1 输入字符
char ch;
scanf("%c",&ch);
注意字符前面的取地址符
1.2 输入字符串
char str[15];
scanf("%s",str);
char *pstr;
scanf("%s",pstr);
(1)scanf在输入字符串时,不读入空格和回车,在读入空格或回车时,输入结束
(2)输入字符串长度超过字符数组元素个数不报错,但运行时会提示“Run-Time Check Failure #2 - Stack around the variable 'str' was corrupted.”<