如何利用Netmap实现用户态协议栈，附上代码

如何实现用户态协议栈

前提：抓取到网卡接收发和发送的文件。
有三种方法

1. 使用原生的socket套接字类型
2. 使用Netmap框架
3. 使用dpdk

这里使用Netmap框架来实现一个服务端对客户端数据接收并回发程序。

Netmap介绍

Netmap是一个高性能收发原始数据包的框架，包含了linux内核模块以及用户态的库函数。其目标是在不修改现有操作系统和不需特殊硬件支持的情况下，实现用户态和网卡数据包之间的高性能传递。如图。

Netmap常用接口

• nm_open：打开网卡设备，并创建nm_desc结构体。
• nm_mmap
• nm_nextpkt：用来接收网卡上到来的数据包
• nm_inject：用来发包
• nm_close：关闭

如何实现

我们抓到数据包都是以太网帧，需要一层一层解析出来。首先时定义协议结构体。

以太网头格式

struct ethhdr {
	unsigned char h_dest[ETH_ALEN];		//目的MAC地址
	unsigned char h_source[ETH_ALEN];	//源MAC地址
	unsigned short h_proto;						//类型
};

IP头格式

struct iphdr {
	unsigned char version;		//版本+首部长度
	unsigned char tos;			//服务类型
	unsigned short tot_len;		//总长度，
	unsigned short id;			//标识
	unsigned short flag_off;	//标志位和偏移
	unsigned char ttl;			//生命周期，经过一个网关就减一，直到为0返回不可达
	unsigned char protocol;		//返回协议
	unsigned short check;		//校验值
	unsigned int saddr;			//源IP
	unsigned int daddr;			//目的IP
};

UDP协议头

struct udphdr {
	unsigned short source;	//源端口
	unsigned short dest;	//目的端口
	unsigned short len;		//长度
	unsigned short check;	//校验值
};

一帧UDP报文

struct udppkt {
	struct ethhdr eh;		//以太网头
	struct iphdr ip;		//ip头
	struct udphdr udp;		//udp头
	unsigned char body[0];	//消息体，使用零长数组，柔性数组
};

ARP协议头

struct arphdr {
	unsigned short h_type;
	unsigned short h_proto;
	unsigned char h_addrlen;
	unsigned char protolen;
	unsigned short oper;
	unsigned char smac[ETH_ALEN];
	unsigned int sip;
	unsigned char dmac[ETH_ALEN];
	unsigned int dip;
};
struct arppkt {
	struct ethhdr eh;
	struct arphdr arp;
};

ICMP协议

struct icmphdr {
	unsigned char type;
	unsigned char code;
	unsigned short check;
	unsigned short identifier;
	unsigned short seq;
	unsigned char data[32];
};

struct icmppkt {
	struct ethhdr eh;
	struct iphdr ip;
	struct icmphdr icmp;
};

代码实现

main

void print_mac(unsigned char *mac) {
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0;i < ETH_ALEN-1;i ++) {
		printf("%02x:", mac[i]);
	}
	printf("%02x", mac[i]);
}

void print_ip(unsigned char *ip) {
	int i = 0;

	for (i = 0;i < 3;i ++) {
		printf("%d.", ip[i]);
	}
	printf("%d", ip[i]);
}


void print_arp(struct arppkt *arp) {
	print_mac(arp->eh.h_dest);
	printf(" ");

	print_mac(arp->eh.h_source);
	printf(" ");

	printf("0x%04x ", ntohs(arp->eh.h_proto));
	printf("  ");
	
}

int str2mac(char *mac, char *str) {

	char *p = str;
	unsigned char value = 0x0;
	int i = 0;

	while (p != '\0') {
		
		if (*p == ':') {
			mac[i++] = value;
			value = 0x0;
		} else {
			
			unsigned char temp = *p;
			if (temp <= '9' && temp >= '0') {
				temp -= '0';
			} else if (temp <= 'f' && temp >= 'a') {
				temp -= 'a';
				temp += 10;
			} else if (temp <= 'F' && temp >= 'A') {
				temp -= 'A';
				temp += 10;
			} else {	
				break;
			}
			value <<= 4;
			value |= temp;
		}
		p ++;
	}

	mac[i] = value;

	return 0;
}

void echo_arp_pkt(struct arppkt *arp, struct arppkt *arp_rt, char *hmac) {

	memcpy(arp_rt, arp, sizeof(struct arppkt));

	memcpy(arp_rt->eh.h_dest, arp->eh.h_source, ETH_ALEN);
	str2mac(arp_rt->eh.h_source, hmac);
	arp_rt->eh.h_proto = arp->eh.h_proto;

	arp_rt->arp.h_addrlen = 6;
	arp_rt->arp.protolen = 4;
	arp_rt->arp.oper = htons(2);
	
	str2mac(arp_rt->arp.smac, hmac);
	arp_rt->arp.sip = arp->arp.dip;
	
	memcpy(arp_rt->arp.dmac, arp->arp.smac, ETH_ALEN);
	arp_rt->arp.dip = arp->arp.sip;

}


void echo_udp_pkt(struct udppkt *udp, struct udppkt *udp_rt) {

	memcpy(udp_rt, udp, sizeof(struct udppkt));

	memcpy(udp_rt->eh.h_dest, udp->eh.h_source, ETH_ALEN);
	memcpy(udp_rt->eh.h_source, udp->eh.h_dest, ETH_ALEN);

	udp_rt->ip.saddr = udp->ip.daddr;
	udp_rt->ip.daddr = udp->ip.saddr;

	udp_rt->udp.source = udp->udp.dest;
	udp_rt->udp.dest = udp->udp.source;

}

unsigned short in_cksum(unsigned short *addr, int len)
{
	register int nleft = len;
	register unsigned short *w = addr;
	register int sum = 0;
	unsigned short answer = 0;

	while (nleft > 1)  {
		sum += *w++;
		nleft -= 2;
	}

	if (nleft == 1) {
		*(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ;
		sum += answer;
	}

	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	
	sum += (sum >> 16);			
	answer = ~sum;
	
	return (answer);

}


void echo_icmp_pkt(struct icmppkt *icmp, struct icmppkt *icmp_rt) {

	memcpy(icmp_rt, icmp, sizeof(struct icmppkt));

	icmp_rt->icmp.type = 0x0; //
	icmp_rt->icmp.code = 0x0; //
	icmp_rt->icmp.check = 0x0;

	icmp_rt->ip.saddr = icmp->ip.daddr;
	icmp_rt->ip.daddr = icmp->ip.saddr;

	memcpy(icmp_rt->eh.h_dest, icmp->eh.h_source, ETH_ALEN);
	memcpy(icmp_rt->eh.h_source, icmp->eh.h_dest, ETH_ALEN);

	icmp_rt->icmp.check = in_cksum((unsigned short*)&icmp_rt->icmp, sizeof(struct icmphdr));
	
}


int main() {
	
	struct ethhdr *eh;
	struct pollfd pfd = {0};
	struct nm_pkthdr h;
	unsigned char *stream = NULL;

	struct nm_desc *nmr = nm_open("netmap:eth0", NULL, 0, NULL);
	if (nmr == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	pfd.fd = nmr->fd;
	pfd.events = POLLIN;

	while (1) {
		int ret = poll(&pfd, 1, -1);
		if (ret < 0) continue;
		
		if (pfd.revents & POLLIN) {
			stream = nm_nextpkt(nmr, &h);
			eh = (struct ethhdr*)stream;

			if (ntohs(eh->h_proto) == PROTO_IP) {

				struct udppkt *udp = (struct udppkt*)stream;
				if (udp->ip.protocol == PROTO_UDP) {

					struct in_addr addr;
					addr.s_addr = udp->ip.saddr;

					int udp_length = ntohs(udp->udp.len);
					printf("%s:%d:length:%d, ip_len:%d --> ", inet_ntoa(addr), udp->udp.source, 
						udp_length, ntohs(udp->ip.tot_len));

					udp->body[udp_length-8] = '\0';
					printf("udp --> %s\n", udp->body);
#if 1
					struct udppkt udp_rt;
					echo_udp_pkt(udp, &udp_rt);
					nm_inject(nmr, &udp_rt, sizeof(struct udppkt));
#endif
				} else if (udp->ip.protocol == PROTO_ICMP) {
					
					struct icmppkt *icmp = (struct icmppkt*)stream;

					printf("icmp ---------- --> %d, %x\n", icmp->icmp.type, icmp->icmp.check);
					if (icmp->icmp.type == 0x08) {
						struct icmppkt icmp_rt = {0};
						echo_icmp_pkt(icmp, &icmp_rt);

						//printf("icmp check %x\n", icmp_rt.icmp.check);
						nm_inject(nmr, &icmp_rt, sizeof(struct icmppkt));
					}
					
				} else if (udp->ip.protocol == PROTO_IGMP) {

				} else {
					printf("other ip packet");
				}
				
			}  else if (ntohs(eh->h_proto) == PROTO_ARP) {

				struct arppkt *arp = (struct arppkt *)stream;
				struct arppkt arp_rt;

				if (arp->arp.dip == inet_addr("192.168.0.123")) {
					echo_arp_pkt(arp, &arp_rt, "00:50:56:33:1c:ca");
					nm_inject(nmr, &arp_rt, sizeof(struct arppkt));
				}
			}
		} 
	}
}