Java多线程算法总结

1. 标题三个线程同时运行，依次打印ABC，一共打印10次

算法代码如下：

public class ThreadTest {

    private Object oa = new Object();
    private Object ob = new Object();
    private Object oc = new Object();

    private static final String TAG = "ThreadTest";

    private Runnable a = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int count  = 10;
            while (count > 0) {
                synchronized (oc) {  //首先需要等待上个线程执行打印后，才能执行自己线程的打印任务。因此要获取到上个对象锁，这里是oc，并且执行oc.wait()方法
                    //这样一旦在C线程中，oc执行了notify()方法后，才能按顺序让A线程继续执行

                    synchronized (oa) { // 为了唤醒下一个B线程，执行oa.notify()方法，那么就需要对oa加锁
                        Log.i(TAG, "A");
                        count --;
                        oa.notify();
                    }

                    try {
                        oc.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    };

    private Runnable b = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int count  = 10;
            while (count > 0) {
                synchronized (oa) {

                    synchronized (ob) {
                        Log.i(TAG, "B");
                        count --;
                        ob.notify();
                    }

                    try {
                        oa.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    };

    private Runnable c = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int count  = 10;
            while (count > 0) {
                synchronized (ob) {

                    synchronized (oc) {
                        Log.i(TAG, "C");
                        count --;
                        oc.notify();
                    }

                    try {
                        ob.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    };

    public void startThread() {
        Thread at = new Thread(a);
        Thread bt = new Thread(b);
        Thread ct = new Thread(c);


        try {
            at.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);  //保证第一次循环是ABC的顺序
            bt.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);
            ct.start();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

也可以把重复的Runnable抽象成一个，如下：

    private static class PrintRunnable implements Runnable {

        Object prev;
        Object current;
        String name;

        PrintRunnable(String name, Object prev, Object current) {
            this.name = name;
            this.prev = prev;
            this.current = current;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int count = 10;
            while (count > 0) {
                synchronized (prev) {

                    synchronized (current) {
                        Log.i(TAG, name);
                        count --;
                        current.notify();
                    }

                    try {
                        prev.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void startThread2() {
        Thread ta = new Thread(new PrintRunnable("A", oc, oa));
        Thread tb = new Thread(new PrintRunnable("B", oa, ob));
        Thread tc = new Thread(new PrintRunnable("C", ob, oc));
        try {
            ta.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);
            tb.start();
            Thread.sleep(100);
            tc.start();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

wait()会释放对象锁；notify()是起到唤醒等待对象锁的线程的作用，并不会马上释放锁，但是一旦同步代码块执行完毕后，就会释放对象锁。

2.生产者-消费者问题

代码如下：

 /**
     * 生产者消费者问题
     */
    private static final int MAX_COUNT = 10;
    List<String> product = new LinkedList<>();

    // 生产者
    private Runnable build = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                synchronized (product) {
                    while (product.size() >= MAX_COUNT) {
                        // 如果商品已经达到最大存储量，则暂时不生产
                        try {
                            Log.i(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 仓库已满");
                            product.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    product.add("商品");
                    Log.i(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 生产一个商品，当前商品存储量：" + product.size());
                    product.notifyAll(); // 唤醒等待商品的消费者
                }
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    };

    // 消费者
    private Runnable consume = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                synchronized (product) {
                    while (product.isEmpty()) {
                        try {
                            Log.i(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 仓库已空");
                            product.wait(); // 没有商品消费，等待生产
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    product.remove(0);
                    Log.i(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 消费一个商品，当前商品存储量：" + product.size());
                    product.notifyAll(); // 通知等待生产的生产者
                }
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(4000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    };

    public void startThread3() {
        Thread buildThread1 = new Thread(build);
        Thread buildThread2 = new Thread(build);
        Thread consumeThread1 = new Thread(consume);
        Thread consumeThread2 = new Thread(consume);
        Thread consumeThread3 = new Thread(consume);
        buildThread1.start();
        consumeThread1.start();
        buildThread2.start();
        consumeThread2.start();
        consumeThread3.start();
    }

打印如下：