rpm常用的命令

--help查询

[root@hzclov51 ~]# rpm --help

Usage: rpm [OPTION...]
  --quiet


Query/Verify package selection options:
  -a, --all                        query/verify all packages
  -f, --file                       query/verify package(s) owning file
  -g, --group                      query/verify package(s) in group
  -p, --package                    query/verify a package file
  -W, --ftswalk                    query/verify package(s) from TOP file tree walk
  --pkgid                          query/verify package(s) with package identifier
  --hdrid                          query/verify package(s) with header identifier
  --fileid                         query/verify package(s) with file identifier
  --specfile                       query a spec file
  --triggeredby                    query the package(s) triggered by the package
  --whatrequires                   query/verify the package(s) which require a dependency
  --whatprovides                   query/verify the package(s) which provide a dependency
  --nomanifest                     do not process non-package files as manifests


Query options (with -q or --query):
  -c, --configfiles                list all configuration files
  -d, --docfiles                   list all documentation files
  --dump                           dump basic file information
  -l, --list                       list files in package
  --queryformat=QUERYFORMAT        use the following query format
  -s, --state                      display the states of the listed files


Verify options (with -V or --verify):
  --nofiledigest                   don't verify digest of files
  --nomd5                          don't verify digest of files
  --nofiles                        don't verify files in package
  --nodeps                         don't verify package dependencies
  --noscript                       don't execute verify script(s)


File tree walk options (with --ftswalk):
  --comfollow                      follow command line symlinks
  --logical                        logical walk
  --nochdir                        don't change directories
  --nostat                         don't get stat info
  --physical                       physical walk
  --seedot                         return dot and dot-dot
  --xdev                           don't cross devices
  --whiteout                       return whiteout information


Signature options:
  --addsign                        sign package(s) (identical to --resign)
  -K, --checksig                   verify package signature(s)
  --delsign                        delete package signatures
  --import                         import an armored public key
  --resign                         sign package(s) (identical to --addsign)
  --nodigest                       don't verify package digest(s)
  --nosignature                    don't verify package signature(s)


Database options:
  --initdb                         initialize database
  --rebuilddb                      rebuild database inverted lists from installed package headers


Install/Upgrade/Erase options:
  --aid                            add suggested packages to transaction
  --allfiles                       install all files, even configurations which might otherwise be skipped
  --allmatches                     remove all packages which match <package> (normally an error is generated if
                                   <package> specified multiple packages)
  --badreloc                       relocate files in non-relocatable package
  -e, --erase=<package>+           erase (uninstall) package
  --excludedocs                    do not install documentation
  --excludepath=<path>             skip files with leading component <path> 
  --fileconflicts                  detect file conflicts between packages
  --force                          short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles
  -F, --freshen=<packagefile>+     upgrade package(s) if already installed
  -h, --hash                       print hash marks as package installs (good with -v)
  --ignorearch                     don't verify package architecture
  --ignoreos                       don't verify package operating system
  --ignoresize                     don't check disk space before installing
  -i, --install                    install package(s)
  --justdb                         update the database, but do not modify the filesystem
  --nodeps                         do not verify package dependencies
  --nofiledigest                   don't verify digest of files
  --nomd5                          don't verify digest of files (obsolete)
  --nocontexts                     don't install file security contexts
  --noorder                        do not reorder package installation to satisfy dependencies
  --nosuggest                      do not suggest missing dependency resolution(s)
  --noscripts                      do not execute package scriptlet(s)
  --notriggers                     do not execute any scriptlet(s) triggered by this package
  --oldpackage                     upgrade to an old version of the package (--force on upgrades does this
                                   automatically)
  --percent                        print percentages as package installs
  --prefix=<dir>                   relocate the package to <dir>, if relocatable
  --relocate=<old>=<new>           relocate files from path <old> to <new>
  --replacefiles                   ignore file conflicts between packages
  --replacepkgs                    reinstall if the package is already present
  --test                           don't install, but tell if it would work or not
  -U, --upgrade=<packagefile>+     upgrade package(s)


Common options for all rpm modes and executables:
  -D, --define='MACRO EXPR'        define MACRO with value EXPR
  -E, --eval='EXPR'                print macro expansion of EXPR
  --macros=<FILE:...>              read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
  --nodigest                       don't verify package digest(s)
  --nosignature                    don't verify package signature(s)
  --rcfile=<FILE:...>              read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
  -r, --root=ROOT                  use ROOT as top level directory (default: "/")
  --querytags                      display known query tags
  --showrc                         display final rpmrc and macro configuration
  --quiet                          provide less detailed output
  -v, --verbose                    provide more detailed output
  --version                        print the version of rpm being used


Options implemented via popt alias/exec:
  --scripts                        list install/erase scriptlets from package(s)
  --setperms                       set permissions of files in a package
  --setugids                       set user/group ownership of files in a package
  --conflicts                      list capabilities this package conflicts with
  --obsoletes                      list other packages removed by installing this package
  --provides                       list capabilities that this package provides
  --requires                       list capabilities required by package(s)
  --info                           list descriptive information from package(s)
  --changelog                      list change logs for this package
  --xml                            list metadata in xml
  --triggers                       list trigger scriptlets from package(s)
  --last                           list package(s) by install time, most recent first
  --dupes                          list duplicated packages
  --filesbypkg                     list all files from each package
  --fileclass                      list file names with classes
  --filecolor                      list file names with colors
  --fscontext                      list file names with security context from file system
  --fileprovide                    list file names with provides
  --filerequire                    list file names with requires
  --filecaps                       list file names with POSIX1.e capabilities


Help options:
  -?, --help                       Show this help message
  --usage                          Display brief usage message

1、查询rpm是否安装：rpm -qa|grep lvm(lvm为要查询的rpm包名)
[root@hzclov51 ~]# rpm -qa|grep lvm
mesa-private-llvm-3.3-0.3.rc3.el6.x86_64
lvm2-libs-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
system-config-lvm-1.1.12-16.el6.noarch
2、查询某rpm包含哪些文件：
[root@hzclov51 ~]# rpm -ql lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
/etc/lvm
/etc/lvm/archive
/etc/lvm/backup
/etc/lvm/cache
/etc/lvm/cache/.cache
3、查询某文件属于哪个rpm包：
[root@hzclov51 ~]# rpm -qf /etc/lvm
lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
4、查询某rpm包被哪些包依赖
[root@hzclov51 ~]# rpm -q --whatrequires device-mapper-persistent-data
lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
5、查询某rpm包依赖哪些内容
[root@hzclov51 ~]# rpm -qR lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
/bin/bash  
/bin/sh  
/bin/sh  
bash >= 4.0
chkconfig  
chkconfig  
config(lvm2) = 2.02.100-8.el6
device-mapper-persistent-data >= 0.2.8-2
libc.so.6()(64bit)  
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)  
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3)(64bit)  
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.4)(64bit)  
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.4)(64bit)  
libdevmapper-event.so.1.02()(64bit)  
libdevmapper-event.so.1.02(Base)(64bit)
6、查询rpm包的相关信息
[root@hzclov51 ~]# rpm -qi lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
Name        : lvm2                         Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 2.02.100                          Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.
Release     : 8.el6                         Build Date: Wed 30 Oct 2013 04:10:56 PM HKT
Install Date: Tue 07 Mar 2017 11:36:37 PM HKT      Build Host: x86-028.build.eng.bos.redhat.com
Group       : System Environment/Base       Source RPM: lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.src.rpm
Size        : 1561629                          License: GPLv2
Signature   : RSA/8, Wed 30 Oct 2013 09:42:09 PM HKT, Key ID 199e2f91fd431d51
Packager    : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>
URL         : http://sources.redhat.com/lvm2
Summary     : Userland logical volume management tools
Description :
LVM2 includes all of the support for handling read/write operations on
physical volumes (hard disks, RAID-Systems, magneto optical, etc.,
multiple devices (MD), see mdadd(8) or even loop devices, see
losetup(8)), creating volume groups (kind of virtual disks) from one
or more physical volumes and creating one or more logical volumes
(kind of logical partitions) in volume groups.
7、查看一个已经安装软件的文档安装位置
[root@hzclov51 ~]# rpm -qd lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
/usr/share/doc/lvm2-2.02.100/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/lvm2-2.02.100/COPYING.LIB
/usr/share/doc/lvm2-2.02.100/INSTALL
/usr/share/doc/lvm2-2.02.100/README
/usr/share/doc/lvm2-2.02.100/VERSION
/usr/share/doc/lvm2-2.02.100/WHATS_NEW
/usr/share/man/man5/lvm.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/blkdeactivate.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/fsadm.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/lvchange.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/lvconvert.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/lvcreate.8.gz
8、安装rpm
rpm -ivh xxx.rpm(该rpm包本地存在)
9、卸载rpm
rpm -e xxx.rpm