nginx源码分析--使用GDB调试nginx

gdb是linux上调试应用程序的首选。在进行nginx的调试过程中，首先需要修改Makefile文件。

vi objs/Makefile #增加 -O0 和 -g 选项; -O0代表不进行优化，-g代表调试模式 CFLAGS =  -pipe -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -g -O0

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vi objs/Makefile #增加 -O0 和 -g 选项; -O0代表不进行优化，-g代表调试模式 CFLAGS =  -pipe -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -g -O0

当然，也可以添加 -gstabs 代替 -O0 ，二者是等同的。上面这种方法是在 ./configure 之后的。如果想省事的话，可以执行如下操作，避免了后续对 Makefile 文件的修改。

CFLAGS="-g -O0" ./configure

1	CFLAGS= "-g -O0" ./configure

调试nginx总体来说有三种方法。

一、设置nginx为前台单进程模式

修改配置文件，增加如下两句：

daemon off; #关闭守护进程，使之在前台运行 master_process off; #关闭主进程，使只有一个进程

1 2	daemon off;   #关闭守护进程，使之在前台运行 master_process off;   #关闭主进程，使只有一个进程

这就可以了，启动调试。

gdb nginx run

1 2	gdb nginx run

说明：在这个过程中，因为nginx是前台运行，占用了键盘，因此gdb的命令无法输入。需要输入Ctrl+C，暂停nginx，然后设置断点等一系列操作，之后键入 c 则 nginx就会继续运行了。如下所示：

<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>... Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] ^C Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt. 0x00007ffff6f14513 in epoll_wait () from /lib/libc.so.6 (gdb) b ngx_http_finalize_request Breakpoint 1 at 0x430be7: file src/http/ngx_http_request.c, line 1939. (gdb) c Continuing.

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<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/ >... Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]   ^C Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt. 0x00007ffff6f14513 in epoll_wait () from /lib/libc.so.6 (gdb) b ngx_http_finalize_request Breakpoint 1 at 0x430be7: file src/http/ngx_http_request.c, line 1939. (gdb) c Continuing.

二、设置nginx为后台单进程模式

修改配置文件为：

daemon on; master_process off;

1 2	daemon on; master_process off;

这样就打开了nginx后台运行的模式，启动gdb调试发现如下：

Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Program exited normally. (gdb)

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Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]   Program exited normally. (gdb)

难道进程真的退出了吗？没有，退出的只是nginx的父进程，而fork出来的进程gdb没有跟到，所以出现了这个情况。这种情况下，gdb是有自己的策略的。命令如下：(其实这一点我还是比较困惑的！)

(gdb) shell pidof nginx 5692 (gdb) set follow-fork-mode child #设置调试子进程，父进程不受影响(相对应的是parent) (gdb) b ngx_http_upstream_cleanup Breakpoint 1 at 0x43db0b: file src/http/ngx_http_upstream.c, line 2951.

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(gdb) shell pidof nginx 5692 (gdb) set follow-fork-mode child   #设置调试子进程，父进程不受影响(相对应的是parent) (gdb) b ngx_http_upstream_cleanup Breakpoint 1 at 0x43db0b: file src/http/ngx_http_upstream.c, line 2951.

三、设置nginx为后台多进程模式

这也是nginx的默认运行模式。在这种情况下，使用gdb的attach和detach指令。

首先查看nginx的work_process进程号是多少，然后直接attach调试就可以了。

Shell

Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Program exited normally. (gdb) shell pidof nginx 5776 5775 (gdb) attach 5775 Attaching to program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx, process 5775 Reading symbols from /lib/libpthread.so.0...(no debugging symbols found)...done. [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Loaded symbols for /lib/libpthread.so.0 #停止调试，使用detach即可 (gdb) detach

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Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]   Program exited normally. (gdb) shell pidof nginx 5776 5775 (gdb) attach 5775 Attaching to program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx, process 5775 Reading symbols from /lib/libpthread.so.0...(no debugging symbols found)...done. [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Loaded symbols for /lib/libpthread.so.0   #停止调试，使用detach即可 gdb是linux上调试应用程序的首选。在进行nginx的调试过程中，首先需要修改Makefile文件。 vi objs/Makefile #增加 -O0 和 -g 选项; -O0代表不进行优化，-g代表调试模式 CFLAGS =  -pipe -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -g -O0 1 2 3 vi objs/Makefile #增加 -O0 和 -g 选项; -O0代表不进行优化，-g代表调试模式 CFLAGS =  -pipe -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -g -O0 当然，也可以添加 -gstabs 代替 -O0 ，二者是等同的。上面这种方法是在 ./configure 之后的。如果想省事的话，可以执行如下操作，避免了后续对 Makefile 文件的修改。 CFLAGS="-g -O0" ./configure 1 CFLAGS= "-g -O0" ./configure 调试nginx总体来说有三种方法。 一、设置nginx为前台单进程模式 修改配置文件，增加如下两句： daemon off; #关闭守护进程，使之在前台运行 master_process off; #关闭主进程，使只有一个进程 1 2 daemon off;   #关闭守护进程，使之在前台运行 master_process off;   #关闭主进程，使只有一个进程 这就可以了，启动调试。 gdb nginx run 1 2 gdb nginx run 说明：在这个过程中，因为nginx是前台运行，占用了键盘，因此gdb的命令无法输入。需要输入Ctrl+C，暂停nginx，然后设置断点等一系列操作，之后键入 c 则 nginx就会继续运行了。如下所示： <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>... Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] ^C Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt. 0x00007ffff6f14513 in epoll_wait () from /lib/libc.so.6 (gdb) b ngx_http_finalize_request Breakpoint 1 at 0x430be7: file src/http/ngx_http_request.c, line 1939. (gdb) c Continuing. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/ >... Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]   ^C Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt. 0x00007ffff6f14513 in epoll_wait () from /lib/libc.so.6 (gdb) b ngx_http_finalize_request Breakpoint 1 at 0x430be7: file src/http/ngx_http_request.c, line 1939. (gdb) c Continuing. 二、设置nginx为后台单进程模式 修改配置文件为： daemon on; master_process off; 1 2 daemon on; master_process off; 这样就打开了nginx后台运行的模式，启动gdb调试发现如下： Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Program exited normally. (gdb) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]   Program exited normally. (gdb) 难道进程真的退出了吗？没有，退出的只是nginx的父进程，而fork出来的进程gdb没有跟到，所以出现了这个情况。这种情况下，gdb是有自己的策略的。命令如下：(其实这一点我还是比较困惑的！) (gdb) shell pidof nginx 5692 (gdb) set follow-fork-mode child #设置调试子进程，父进程不受影响(相对应的是parent) (gdb) b ngx_http_upstream_cleanup Breakpoint 1 at 0x43db0b: file src/http/ngx_http_upstream.c, line 2951. 1 2 3 4 5 (gdb) shell pidof nginx 5692 (gdb) set follow-fork-mode child   #设置调试子进程，父进程不受影响(相对应的是parent) (gdb) b ngx_http_upstream_cleanup Breakpoint 1 at 0x43db0b: file src/http/ngx_http_upstream.c, line 2951. 三、设置nginx为后台多进程模式 这也是nginx的默认运行模式。在这种情况下，使用gdb的attach和detach指令。 首先查看nginx的work_process进程号是多少，然后直接attach调试就可以了。 Shell Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Program exited normally. (gdb) shell pidof nginx 5776 5775 (gdb) attach 5775 Attaching to program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx, process 5775 Reading symbols from /lib/libpthread.so.0...(no debugging symbols found)...done. [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Loaded symbols for /lib/libpthread.so.0 #停止调试，使用detach即可 (gdb) detach 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Reading symbols from /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx...done. (gdb) run Starting program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]   Program exited normally. (gdb) shell pidof nginx 5776 5775 (gdb) attach 5775 Attaching to program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx, process 5775 Reading symbols from /lib/libpthread.so.0...(no debugging symbols found)...done. [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Loaded symbols for /lib/libpthread.so.0   #停止调试，使用detach即可