【深度】 nginx gdb调试详解

一 GDB

gdb - The GNU Debugger，即GNU调试器，该工具帮助你查询一个程序内部执行的过程

二 支持参数

action	eg	描述
b	b ngx_epoll_process_events	在该函数入口打断点
b file.c:N	b nginx.c:100	在文件100行打断点
info	info proc (breakpoints)	显示跟踪进程id（断点）信息
c	c	从一个断点执行到下一个断点
n	n	逐行执行代码，在遇到函数时，不进入函数内部执行
s	s	逐行执行代码，在遇到函数时，进入函数内部执行
r	r	run 直接调到断点处
d	d n	删除断点
bt		打印调用堆栈(stack trace)
q		退出gdb

三 调试场景

1 启动你的程序，指定任意可以影响程序行为的参数
2 让程序在指定的条件停住.
3 测试程序停止的时候发生了什么。
4 改变程序内部的变量，来改正程序的错误继续执行

四 调试过程

为了方便跟踪，在nginx.conf 里 设置worker_processes 为 1，然后命令行查询nginx worker进程ID

[@bx16-7-88 ~]# ps aux | grep nginx
root     24997  0.0  0.0 112704   980 pts/53   S+   19:23   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root     29240  0.0  0.0  20824   952 ?        Ss   Mar24   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www      29241  0.0  0.1  21276  2132 ?        S    Mar24   0:00 nginx: worker process

[@bx16-7-88 ~]# gdb
(gdb) 
(gdb) attach 29241
Attaching to process 29241
(gdb) b ngx_epoll_process_events
(gdb)Breakpoint 1 at 0x432087: file src/event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c, line 785.
(gdb) info breakpoints
Num     Type           Disp Enb Address            What
1       breakpoint     keep y   0x000000000042a245 in ngx_event_accept at src/event/ngx_event_accept.c:24
	breakpoint already hit 3 times
2       breakpoint     keep y   0x000000000043d66c in ngx_http_init_connection at src/http/ngx_http_request.c:207
	breakpoint already hit 2 times
3       breakpoint     keep y   0x000000000043f5cf in ngx_http_wait_request_handler at src/http/ngx_http_request.c:386
	breakpoint already hit 2 times

(gdb) b ngx_http_process_request
Breakpoint 6 at 0x43cd56: file src/http/ngx_http_request.c, line 1878.
(gdb) b ngx_http_handler
Breakpoint 7 at 0x4354c7: file src/http/ngx_http_core_module.c, line 804.
(gdb) b ngx_http_core_run_phases
Breakpoint 8 at 0x435480: file src/http/ngx_http_core_module.c, line 847.
(gdb) b ngx_http_output_filter
Breakpoint 9 at 0x439eb8: file src/http/ngx_http_core_module.c, line 1761.
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, ngx_event_accept (ev=0x8ab210) at src/event/ngx_event_accept.c:24
24	{
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 2, ngx_http_init_connection (c=0x8739e0) at src/http/ngx_http_request.c:207
207	{
(gdb) c

Breakpoint 8, ngx_http_core_run_phases (r=r@entry=0x80e1d0) at src/http/ngx_http_core_module.c:847
847	{
(gdb) n
852	    cmcf = ngx_http_get_module_main_conf(r, ngx_http_core_module);
(gdb) n
854	    ph = cmcf->phase_engine.handlers;
(gdb) n
856	    while (ph[r->phase_handler].checker) {
(gdb) n

244	    delta = ngx_current_msec - delta;
(gdb) n
249	    ngx_event_process_posted(cycle, &ngx_posted_accept_events);
(gdb) p delta
$3 = 1324688

(gdb) q
A debugging session is active.

	Inferior 1 [process 29241] will be detached.

Quit anyway? (y or n) y
Detaching from program: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx, process 29241

五 nginx启动及处理脑图

欢迎一起学习！

延伸阅读
【深度】nginx strace和gstack源码调试
nginx源码注释项目

参考文档
1 GDB debugger