grep -Fxq 'text' file介绍



See the -F (fixed string, as opposed to regular expression) and -x (exact: match the whole line) options.

grep -Fx user1@example.com text_file

would be the equivalent of:

grep '^user1@example\.com$' text_file

(remember that . is a regular expression operator that matches any character).

-q (Quiet; do not write anything to standard output.  Exit immediately with zero status if any match is found, even if an error was detected). 

Use the -q option if you only want to check if there's such a line:

grep -Fxq user1@example.com text_file &&
  echo yes, that address is in that file.

If the line to search and the file name are variable:

grep -Fxqe "$email" < "$file"

Or

grep -Fxq -- "$email" < "$file"