10--2 内核定时器

内核定时器编程

 

       软件意义上的定时器最终依赖硬件定时器来实现。内核在时钟中断发生后检测个各定时器是否到期，到期后的定时器处理函数将作为软中断在地半部执行。

      在linux设备驱动编程中，可以利用linux内核中提供的一组函数和数据结构来完成定时出发工作或者完成某周期性的事务。

      linux内核所提供的用于操作定时器的数据结构和函数如下：

      struct tiemr_list {

      struct list_head entry; //定时器列表

      unsigned long expires;//定时器到期时间

      void (*function)(unsigned long );  //定时器处理函数

      unsigned long data;//作为参数被传入定时器 处理函数

      struct timer_base_s *base;

}

 

当定时器期满后，其中的function成员将被执行   而 data 成员则是传入的参数，expires 是定时器到期的时间。

 

      struct  timer_list my_timer;

初始化定时器

      void init_timer(struct timer_list * timer);

 

      static inline void setup_timer(struct timer_list * timer ,void (*function)(unsigned llong),unsigned long data)

 

增加定时器

     void add_timer(struct timer_list * timer)

删除定时器

     void del_timer(struct timer_list * timer)

修改定时器的expire

      int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer,unsigned long expires)

      上述函数，用于修改定时器的到期时间，在新的被传入的expires到来后才会执行定时器函数。

 

 

如：

 static vod xxx_do-timer(unsigned long arg)  arg  是timer_list->data 传入的值

{

          struct xxx_device  *dev=(struct xxx_device*)arg;  说明 在定时器初始化的时候  将data=(unsigned long )dev;

                                                                                          将dev结构地址 覆给了  data

          。。。。

       /*调度定时器在执行*/

       dev->xxx_timer.expires=jiffies+delay;

      add_timer(&dev->xxx_timer);   定时器时间到期后，如果不再次的 add_timer 那么 以后不再执行定时器中断

                                                       定时器中断不再起作用

}

 

 

 

 

结果显示如下：

 

 

 

 

[root@EmbedSky /xiangjie]# ./second_test -/bin/sh: ./second_test: Permission denied [root@EmbedSky /xiangjie]# chmod 777 second_test [root@EmbedSky /xiangjie]# ./second_test current jiffies is -25266 seconds after open /dev/second :1 current jiffies is -25066 seconds after open /dev/second :2 current jiffies is -24866 seconds after open /dev/second :3 current jiffies is -24666 seconds after open /dev/second :4 current jiffies is -24466 seconds after open /dev/second :5 current jiffies is -24266 seconds after open /dev/second :6 current jiffies is -24066 seconds after open /dev/second :7 current jiffies is -23866 seconds after open /dev/second :8 current jiffies is -23666 seconds after open /dev/second :9 ^C [root@EmbedSky /xiangjie]#

 

 

 

 

应用程序代码如下：

 

 

 

/*====================================================================== A test program to access /dev/second This example is to help understand kernel timer The initial developer of the original code is Baohua Song <author@linuxdriver.cn>. All Rights Reserved. ======================================================================*/ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/time.h> main() { int fd; int counter = 0; int old_counter = 0; /*打开/dev/second设备文件*/ fd = open("/dev/second", O_RDONLY); if (fd != - 1) { while (1) { read(fd,&counter, sizeof(unsigned int));//读目前经历的秒数 if(counter!=old_counter) { printf("seconds after open /dev/second :%d/n",counter); old_counter = counter; } } } else { printf("Device open failure/n"); } }

 

 

 

 

 

驱动代码如下：

 

 

/*====================================================================== A "seond" device driver as an example of kernel timer The initial developer of the original code is Baohua Song <author@linuxdriver.cn>. All Rights Reserved. ======================================================================*/ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/cdev.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <asm/system.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> #include <linux/timer.h> /*包括timer.h头文件*/ #include <asm/atomic.h> #define SECOND_MAJOR 252 /*预设的second的主设备号*/ static int second_major = SECOND_MAJOR; /*second设备结构体*/ struct second_dev { struct cdev cdev; /*cdev结构体*/ atomic_t counter;/* 一共经历了多少秒？*/ struct timer_list s_timer; /*设备要使用的定时器*/ }; struct second_dev *second_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/ /*定时器处理函数*/ static void second_timer_handle(unsigned long arg) { mod_timer(&second_devp->s_timer,jiffies + HZ); atomic_inc(&second_devp->counter); printk(KERN_NOTICE "current jiffies is %ld/n", jiffies); } /*文件打开函数*/ int second_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { /*初始化定时器*/ init_timer(&second_devp->s_timer); second_devp->s_timer.function = &second_timer_handle; second_devp->s_timer.expires = jiffies + HZ; add_timer(&second_devp->s_timer); /*添加（注册）定时器*/ atomic_set(&second_devp->counter,0); //计数清0 return 0; } /*文件释放函数*/ int second_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { del_timer(&second_devp->s_timer); return 0; } /*读函数*/ static ssize_t second_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) { int counter; counter = atomic_read(&second_devp->counter); if(put_user(counter, (int*)buf)) return - EFAULT; else return sizeof(unsigned int); } /*文件操作结构体*/ static const struct file_operations second_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = second_open, .release = second_release, .read = second_read, }; /*初始化并注册cdev*/ static void second_setup_cdev(struct second_dev *dev, int index) { int err, devno = MKDEV(second_major, index); cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &second_fops); dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; dev->cdev.ops = &second_fops; err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1); if (err) printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding LED%d", err, index); } /*设备驱动模块加载函数*/ int second_init(void) { int ret; dev_t devno = MKDEV(second_major, 0); /* 申请设备号*/ if (second_major) ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "second"); else /* 动态申请设备号 */ { ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "second"); second_major = MAJOR(devno); } if (ret < 0) return ret; /* 动态申请设备结构体的内存*/ second_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct second_dev), GFP_KERNEL); if (!second_devp) /*申请失败*/ { ret = - ENOMEM; goto fail_malloc; } memset(second_devp, 0, sizeof(struct second_dev)); second_setup_cdev(second_devp, 0); return 0; fail_malloc: unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1); } /*模块卸载函数*/ void second_exit(void) { cdev_del(&second_devp->cdev); /*注销cdev*/ kfree(second_devp); /*释放设备结构体内存*/ unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(second_major, 0), 1); /*释放设备号*/ } MODULE_AUTHOR("Song Baohua"); MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); module_param(second_major, int, S_IRUGO); module_init(second_init); module_exit(second_exit);