contentprovider的学习实例总结

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-01 23:58:20 发布

思考的芦苇

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-01 23:58:20 发布

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工作中遇到了contentprovider数据共享机制，下面来总结一下：

一、ContentProvider简介
   当应用继承ContentProvider类，并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法，就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据，但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同，如：采用文件方式对外共享数据，需要进行文件操作读写数据；采用sharedpreferences共享数据，需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。
二、Uri类简介
   Uri代表了要操作的数据，Uri主要包含了两部分信息：1.需要操作的ContentProvider ，2.对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作，一个Uri由以下几部分组成：

   1.scheme：ContentProvider（内容提供者）的scheme已经由Android所规定为：content://。
   2.主机名（或Authority）：用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider，外部调用者可以根据这个标识来找到它。
   3.路径（path）：可以用来表示我们要操作的数据，路径的构建应根据业务而定，如下：
•       要操作contact表中id为10的记录，可以构建这样的路径:/contact/10
•       要操作contact表中id为10的记录的name字段， contact/10/name
•       要操作contact表中的所有记录，可以构建这样的路径:/contact
要操作的数据不一定来自数据库，也可以是文件等他存储方式，如下:
要操作xml文件中contact节点下的name节点，可以构建这样的路径：/contact/name
如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri，可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法，如下：
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.changcheng.provider.contactprovider/contact")
三、UriMatcher、ContentUrist和ContentResolver简介
   因为Uri代表了要操作的数据，所以我们很经常需要解析Uri，并从Uri中获取数据。Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类，分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris 。掌握它们的使用，会便于我们的开发工作。

   UriMatcher：用于匹配Uri，它的用法如下：
   1.首先把你需要匹配Uri路径全部给注册上，如下：
   //常量UriMatcher.NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码(-1)。
   UriMatcher  uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
   //如果match()方法匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径，返回匹配码为1
   uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact”, 1);//添加需要匹配uri，如果匹配就会返回匹配码
   //如果match()方法匹配 content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact/230路径，返回匹配码为2
   uriMatcher.addURI(“com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider”, “contact/#”, 2);//#号为通配符

   2.注册完需要匹配的Uri后，就可以使用uriMatcher.match(uri)方法对输入的Uri进行匹配，如果匹配就返回匹配码，匹配码是调用addURI()方法传入的第三个参数，假设匹配content://com.changcheng.sqlite.provider.contactprovider/contact路径，返回的匹配码为1。

   ContentUris：用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分，它有两个比较实用的方法：
•       withAppendedId(uri, id)用于为路径加上ID部分
•       parseId(uri)方法用于从路径中获取ID部分

   ContentResolver：当外部应用需要对ContentProvider中的数据进行添加、删除、修改和查询操作时，可以使用ContentResolver 类来完成，要获取ContentResolver 对象，可以使用Activity提供的getContentResolver()方法。 ContentResolver使用insert、delete、update、query方法，来操作数据。
四、ContentProvider示例程序
Manifest.xml中的代码：

 
    01<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> 
 
    02                <activity android:name=".TestWebviewDemo" android:label="@string/app_name"> 
 
    03                        <intent-filter> 
 
    04                                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> 
 
    05                                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> 
 
    06                        </intent-filter> 
 
    07                        <intent-filter> 
 
    08                                <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login" /> 
 
    09                        </intent-filter> 
 
    10                        <intent-filter> 
 
    11                                <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login" /> 
 
    12                        </intent-filter> 
 
    13                          
 
    14                </activity> 
 
    15                <provider android:name="MyProvider" android:authorities="com.ruixin.login" /> 
 
    16        </application>

需要在<application></application>中为provider进行注册！！！！
首先定义一个数据库的工具类：

 
    01public  class RuiXin { 
 
    02  
 
    03        public static final  String DBNAME = "ruixinonlinedb";  
 
    04        public static final  String TNAME = "ruixinonline"; 
 
    05        public static final  int VERSION = 3; 
 
    06          
 
    07        public static String TID =  "tid"; 
 
    08        public static final  String EMAIL = "email"; 
 
    09        public static final  String USERNAME = "username"; 
 
    10        public static final  String DATE = "date"; 
 
    11        public static final  String SEX = "sex"; 
 
    12          
 
    13          
 
    14        public static final  String AUTOHORITY = "com.ruixin.login"; 
 
    15        public static final  int ITEM = 1; 
 
    16        public static final  int ITEM_ID = 2; 
 
    17          
 
    18        public static final  String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.ruixin.login"; 
 
    19        public static final  String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ruixin.login"; 
 
    20          
 
    21        public static final  Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTOHORITY + "/ruixinonline"); 
 
    22}

然后创建一个数据库：

view source print ?

01 public class DBlite extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

02         public DBlite(Context context) {

03                 super(context, RuiXin.DBNAME, null, RuiXin.VERSION);

04                 // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

05         }

06         @Override

07         public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

08                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub

09                         db.execSQL("create table "+RuiXin.TNAME+"(" +

10                                 RuiXin.TID+" integer primary key autoincrement not null,"+

11                                 RuiXin.EMAIL+" text not null," +

12                                 RuiXin.USERNAME+" text not null," +

13                                 RuiXin.DATE+" interger not null,"+

14                                 RuiXin.SEX+" text not null);");

15         }

16         @Override

17         public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

18                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub

19         }

20         public void add(String email,String username,String date,String sex){

21                 SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();

22                 ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

23                 values.put(RuiXin.EMAIL, email);

24                 values.put(RuiXin.USERNAME, username);

25                 values.put(RuiXin.DATE, date);

26                 values.put(RuiXin.SEX, sex);

27                 db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME,"",values);

28         }

29 }

接着创建一个Myprovider.java对数据库的接口进行包装：

 
        001public  class MyProvider extends ContentProvider{ 
 
        002  
 
        003        DBlite dBlite; 
 
        004        SQLiteDatabase db; 
 
        005          
 
        006        private static final  UriMatcher sMatcher; 
 
        007        static{ 
 
        008                sMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); 
 
        009                sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY,RuiXin.TNAME, RuiXin.ITEM); 
 
        010                sMatcher.addURI(RuiXin.AUTOHORITY, RuiXin.TNAME+"/#", RuiXin.ITEM_ID); 
 
        011  
 
        012        } 
 
        013        @Override
 
        014        public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { 
 
        015                // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
 
        016                db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); 
 
        017                int count = 0; 
 
        018                switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { 
 
        019                case RuiXin.ITEM: 
 
        020                        count = db.delete(RuiXin.TNAME,selection, selectionArgs); 
 
        021                        break; 
 
        022                case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: 
 
        023                        String id = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); 
 
        024                        count = db.delete(RuiXin.TID, RuiXin.TID+"="+id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(RuiXin.TID="?")?"AND("+selection+')':""), selectionArgs); 
 
        025                    break; 
 
        026                default: 
 
        027                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); 
 
        028                } 
 
        029                getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null); 
 
        030                return count; 
 
        031        } 
 
        032  
 
        033        @Override
 
        034        public String getType(Uri uri) { 
 
        035                // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
 
        036                switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { 
 
        037                case RuiXin.ITEM: 
 
        038                        return RuiXin.CONTENT_TYPE; 
 
        039                case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: 
 
        040                    return RuiXin.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE; 
 
        041                default: 
 
        042                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); 
 
        043                } 
 
        044        } 
 
        045  
 
        046        @Override
 
        047        public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { 
 
        048                // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
 
        049                  
 
        050                db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); 
 
        051                long rowId; 
 
        052                if(sMatcher.match(uri)!=RuiXin.ITEM){ 
 
        053                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); 
 
        054                } 
 
        055                rowId = db.insert(RuiXin.TNAME,RuiXin.TID,values); 
 
        056                   if(rowId>0){ 
 
        057                           Uri noteUri=ContentUris.withAppendedId(RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, rowId); 
 
        058                           getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null); 
 
        059                           return noteUri; 
 
        060                   } 
 
        061                   throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); 
 
        062        } 
 
        063  
 
        064        @Override
 
        065        public boolean onCreate() {  
 
        066                // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
 
        067                this.dBlite = new DBlite(this.getContext()); 
 
        068//                db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase(); 
 
        069//                return (db == null)?false:true; 
 
        070                return true; 
 
        071        } 
 
        072  
 
        073        @Override
 
        074        public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, 
 
        075                        String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) { 
 
        076                // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
 
        077                db = dBlite.getWritableDatabase();                 
 
        078                Cursor c; 
 
        079                Log.d("-------", String.valueOf(sMatcher.match(uri))); 
 
        080                switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) { 
 
        081                case RuiXin.ITEM: 
 
        082                        c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, null); 
 
        083                  
 
        084                        break; 
 
        085                case RuiXin.ITEM_ID: 
 
        086                        String id = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); 
 
        087                        c = db.query(RuiXin.TNAME, projection, RuiXin.TID+"="+id+(!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"AND("+selection+')':""),selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder); 
 
        088                    break; 
 
        089                default: 
 
        090                        Log.d("!!!!!!", "Unknown URI"+uri); 
 
        091                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI"+uri); 
 
        092                } 
 
        093                c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri); 
 
        094                return c; 
 
        095        } 
 
        096        @Override
 
        097        public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, 
 
        098                        String[] selectionArgs) { 
 
        099                // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
 
        100                return 0; 
 
        101        } 
 
        102}

最后创建测试类：

 
        01public  class Test extends Activity { 
 
        02    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
 
        03   private DBlite dBlite1 = new DBlite(this);; 
 
        04        private ContentResolver contentResolver; 
 
        05                    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
 
        06                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
 
        07                setContentView(R.layout.main); 
 
        08                //先对数据库进行添加数据 
 
        09            dBlite1.add(email,username,date,sex); 
 
        10            //通过contentResolver进行查找 
 
        11             contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo.this.getContentResolver(); 
 
        12            Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query( 
 
        13                  RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, new String[] {  
 
        14                  RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME, 
 
        15                  RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null, null, null); 
 
        16                while (cursor.moveToNext()) { 
 
        17                     Toast.makeText( 
 
        18                    TestWebviewDemo.this, 
 
        19                    cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL)) 
 
        20                            + " "
 
        21                            + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME)) 
 
        22                            + " "
 
        23                            + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE)) 
 
        24                            + " "
 
        25                            + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)), 
 
        26                           Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
 
        27                     } 
 
        28                   startManagingCursor(cursor);  //查找后关闭游标 
 
        29            } 
 
        30        }

注：上面是在一个程序中进行的测试，也可以再新建一个工程来模拟一个新的程序，然后将上面查询的代码加到新的程序当中！这样就模拟了contentprovider的数据共享功能了！
新建个工程：TestProvider
创建一个测试的activity

 
        01public  class Test extends Activity { 
 
        02    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
 
        03        private ContentResolver contentResolver; 
 
        04                    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
 
        05                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
 
        06                setContentView(R.layout.main); 
 
        07                
 
        08            //通过contentResolver进行查找 
 
        09              contentResolver = TestWebviewDemo.this.getContentResolver();                      
 
        10             Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query( 
 
        11                RuiXin.CONTENT_URI, new String[] {  
 
        12                RuiXin.EMAIL, RuiXin.USERNAME, 
 
        13                RuiXin.DATE,RuiXin.SEX }, null, null, null); 
 
        14            while (cursor.moveToNext()) { 
 
        15               Toast.makeText(TestWebviewDemo.this, 
 
        16                       cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.EMAIL)) 
 
        17                       + " "
 
        18                       + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.USERNAME)) 
 
        19                       + " "
 
        20                       + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.DATE)) 
 
        21                       + " "
 
        22                       + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(RuiXin.SEX)), 
 
        23                       Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
 
        24                   } 
 
        25                   startManagingCursor(cursor);  //查找后关闭游标 
 
        26            } 
 
        27        }

思考的芦苇

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contentprovider的学习实例总结

工作中遇到了contentprovider数据共享机制，下面来总结一下：一、ContentProvider简介当应用继承ContentProvider类，并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法，就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据，但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同，如：采用文件方式对外共享数据，需要进行文件操作读写数据；采用sharedpr
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