Redis源码分析(十八)——排序Sort

Redis的排序命令SORT: 将给定的列表 或集合或 有序集的键的元素对应到一个数组中去,然后按给定选项排序,然后返回排序后的元素值;或者将排序后的元素保存到一个给定的键,并存入数据库字典中,返回所保存的元素个数。

具体排序命令用法可参考http://www.cnblogs.com/linjiqin/archive/2013/06/14/3135921.html

其中数组的元素为结构:

typedef struct _redisSortObject {
    robj *obj;//被排序的键的值
	//权重
    union {
        double score;//给数值排序时使用
        robj *cmpobj;// 排序带有 BY 选项的字符串值时使用(当 SORT 命令使用了 BY 选项时, 命令使用其他键的值作为权重来进行排序操作)
    } u;
} redisSortObject;//排序数值元素 结构
排序前,将给定键的元素的redisSortObject结构 对应到数组中去,如图一:


而排序后,如图二:



排序命令的实现步骤:

*1* 创建一个和给定键值长度相同的数组,该数组的每个项都是redisSortObject结构

*2* 遍历数组,将数组的每个项的obj指针分别指向给定键的各个值,使数组与键值列表(以列表为例)构成一对一。

*3*遍历数组,将各个obj指针所指的列表元素转换成一个double类型(或者字符串,与给定选项相关),并将给浮点数保存到obj的u.score中。如上图1所示。

*4*根据u.score(与给定选项相关:排序比较的权值不一样)的值,对数值进行排序(按升序或降序改变obj指针指向的类表元素)。如上图二所示。

*5*遍历数组,将各个obj指向的列表项作为排序的结果返回给客户端。或者将排序结构存放到给定键的值中,并将该键值存入数据库。


排序命令函数:

排序时采用快速排序算法。该函数是Redis中最复杂的函数,实现了上面的五个处理步骤。先了解排序命令的基本用法,有助于更好的理解该命令的实现过程。其中 比如在处理有序集排序时的优化处理等。

(其中快速排序基本实现参考:http://blog.csdn.net/yuyixinye/article/details/40589607

<span style="font-size:18px;">void sortCommand(redisClient *c) {
    list *operations;//操作链表
    unsigned int outputlen = 0;//要回复的元素个数
    int desc = 0, alpha = 0;
    long limit_start = 0, limit_count = -1, start, end;
    int j, dontsort = 0, vectorlen;
    int getop = 0; /* GET操作计数 GET operation counter */
    int int_convertion_error = 0;
    int syntax_error = 0;
    robj *sortval, *sortby = NULL, *storekey = NULL;
    redisSortObject *vector; /* Resulting vector to sort */

    /* Lookup the key to sort. It must be of the right types */
	// 获取要排序的键,并检查他是否可以被排序的类型
    sortval = lookupKeyRead(c->db,c->argv[1]);
    if (sortval && sortval->type != REDIS_SET &&
                   sortval->type != REDIS_LIST &&
                   sortval->type != REDIS_ZSET)
    {
        addReply(c,shared.wrongtypeerr);
        return;
    }

    /* Create a list of operations to perform for every sorted element.
     * Operations can be GET/DEL/INCR/DECR */
	// 创建一个链表,链表中保存了要对所有已排序元素执行的操作
	// 操作可以是 GET 、 DEL 、 INCR 或者 DECR
    operations = listCreate();//操作链表
    listSetFreeMethod(operations,zfree);

	// 指向选项参数位置
    j = 2; /* options start at argv[2] */

    /* Now we need to protect sortval incrementing its count, in the future
     * SORT may have options able to overwrite/delete keys during the sorting
     * and the sorted key itself may get destroyed */
	// 为 sortval 的引用计数增一
	// 在将来, SORT 命令可以在排序某个键的过程中,覆盖或者删除那个键
    if (sortval)
        incrRefCount(sortval);
    else
        sortval = createListObject();

    /* The SORT command has an SQL-alike syntax, parse it */
	// 读入并分析 SORT 命令的选项
    while(j < c->argc) {

        int leftargs = c->argc-j-1;

		// ASC 选项   升序
        if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"asc")) {
            desc = 0;

		// DESC 选项   降序对比来比较被排序的元素
        } else if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"desc")) {
            desc = 1;

		// ALPHA 选项  假设被排序键包含的都是字符串值, 并且以字符串的方式来进行排序
        } else if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"alpha")) {
            alpha = 1;

		// LIMIT 选项    命令只保留排序结果集中 LIMIT 选项指定的元素
        } else if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"limit") && leftargs >= 2) {
			// start 参数和 count 参数
            if ((getLongFromObjectOrReply(c, c->argv[j+1], &limit_start, NULL)
                 != REDIS_OK) ||
                (getLongFromObjectOrReply(c, c->argv[j+2], &limit_count, NULL)
                 != REDIS_OK))
            {
                syntax_error++;
                break;
            }
            j+=2;

		// STORE 选项  命令会将排序结果集保存在指定的键里面
        } else if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"store") && leftargs >= 1) {
			// 目标键
            storekey = c->argv[j+1];
            j++;

		// BY 选项    命令使用其他键的值作为权重来进行排序操作
        } else if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"by") && leftargs >= 1) {

			// 排序的顺序由这个模式决定
            sortby = c->argv[j+1];

            /* If the BY pattern does not contain '*', i.e. it is constant,
             * we don't need to sort nor to lookup the weight keys. */
			// 如果 sortby 模式里面不包含 '*' 符号,
            // 那么无须执行排序操作
            if (strchr(c->argv[j+1]->ptr,'*') == NULL) {
                dontsort = 1;
            } else {
                /* If BY is specified with a real patter, we can't accept
                 * it in cluster mode. */
                if (server.cluster_enabled) {
                    addReplyError(c,"BY option of SORT denied in Cluster mode.");
                    syntax_error++;
                    break;
                }
            }
            j++;

		// GET 选项    命令会根据排序结果集中的元素, 以及 GET 选项给定的模式,
		//查找并返回其他键的值, 而不是返回被排序的元素。
        } else if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[j]->ptr,"get") && leftargs >= 1) {

			// 创建一个 GET 操作

            // 不能在集群模式下使用 GET 选项
            if (server.cluster_enabled) {
                addReplyError(c,"GET option of SORT denied in Cluster mode.");
                syntax_error++;
                break;
            }
            listAddNodeTail(operations,createSortOperation(
                REDIS_SORT_GET,c->argv[j+1]));
            getop++;
            j++;

		// 未知选项,语法出错
        } else {
            addReply(c,shared.syntaxerr);
            syntax_error++;
            break;
        }

        j++;
    }

    /* Handle syntax errors set during options parsing. */
    if (syntax_error) {
        decrRefCount(sortval);
        listRelease(operations);
        return;
    }

    /* For the STORE option, or when SORT is called from a Lua script,
     * we want to force a specific ordering even when no explicit ordering
     * was asked (SORT BY nosort). This guarantees that replication / AOF
     * is deterministic.
	 *
	 * 对于 STORE 选项,以及从 Lua 脚本中调用 SORT 命令的情况来看,
	 * 我们想即使在没有指定排序方式的情况下,也强制指定一个排序方法。
	 * 这可以保证复制/AOF 是确定性的。
     *
     * However in the case 'dontsort' is true, but the type to sort is a
     * sorted set, we don't need to do anything as ordering is guaranteed
     * in this special case. 
	 *
	 * 在 dontsort 为真,并且被排序的键不是有序集合时,
	 * 我们才需要为排序指定排序方式,
     * 因为有序集合的成员已经是有序的了。
	 */
    if ((storekey || c->flags & REDIS_LUA_CLIENT) &&
        (dontsort && sortval->type != REDIS_ZSET))
    {
        /* Force ALPHA sorting */
		// 强制 ALPHA 排序
        dontsort = 0;
        alpha = 1;
        sortby = NULL;
    }

    /* Destructively convert encoded sorted sets for SORT. */
	// 被排序的有序集合必须是 SKIPLIST 编码的
    // 如果不是的话,那么将它转换成 SKIPLIST 编码
    if (sortval->type == REDIS_ZSET)
        zsetConvert(sortval, REDIS_ENCODING_SKIPLIST);

    /* Objtain the length of the object to sort. */
	// 获取要排序对象的长度
    switch(sortval->type) {
    case REDIS_LIST: vectorlen = listTypeLength(sortval); break;
    case REDIS_SET: vectorlen =  setTypeSize(sortval); break;
    case REDIS_ZSET: vectorlen = dictSize(((zset*)sortval->ptr)->dict); break;
    default: vectorlen = 0; redisPanic("Bad SORT type"); /* Avoid GCC warning */
    }

    /* Perform LIMIT start,count sanity checking. */
	// 对 LIMIT 选项的 start 和 count 参数进行检查
    start = (limit_start < 0) ? 0 : limit_start;
    end = (limit_count < 0) ? vectorlen-1 : start+limit_count-1;
    if (start >= vectorlen) {
        start = vectorlen-1;
        end = vectorlen-2;
    }
    if (end >= vectorlen) end = vectorlen-1;

    /* Optimization:
	 * 优化
     *
     * 1) if the object to sort is a sorted set.
	 *    如果排序的对象是有序集合
     * 2) There is nothing to sort as dontsort is true (BY <constant string>).
	 *	  dontsort 为真,表示没有什么需要排序
     * 3) We have a LIMIT option that actually reduces the number of elements
     *    to fetch.
	 *	  LIMIT 选项所设置的范围比起有序集合的长度要小
     *
     * In this case to load all the objects in the vector is a huge waste of
     * resources. We just allocate a vector that is big enough for the selected
     * range length, and make sure to load just this part in the vector. 
	 *
	 * 在这种情况下,不需要载入有序集合中的所有元素,只要载入给定范围(range)内的元素就可以了。
	 */
    if (sortval->type == REDIS_ZSET &&
        dontsort &&
        (start != 0 || end != vectorlen-1))
    {
        vectorlen = end-start+1;
    }

    /* Load the sorting vector with all the objects to sort */
	// 创建 redisSortObject 数组
    vector = zmalloc(sizeof(redisSortObject)*vectorlen);//只需分配需要返回的元素的个数所需的空间
    j = 0;

	
	// 将列表项放入数组
    if (sortval->type == REDIS_LIST) {
        listTypeIterator *li = listTypeInitIterator(sortval,0,REDIS_TAIL);
        listTypeEntry entry;
        while(listTypeNext(li,&entry)) {
            vector[j].obj = listTypeGet(&entry);
            vector[j].u.score = 0;
            vector[j].u.cmpobj = NULL;
            j++;
        }
        listTypeReleaseIterator(li);

	// 将集合元素放入数组
    } else if (sortval->type == REDIS_SET) {
        setTypeIterator *si = setTypeInitIterator(sortval);
        robj *ele;
        while((ele = setTypeNextObject(si)) != NULL) {
            vector[j].obj = ele;
            vector[j].u.score = 0;
            vector[j].u.cmpobj = NULL;
            j++;
        }
        setTypeReleaseIterator(si);

	// 在 dontsort 为真的情况下
	// 将有序集合的部分成员放进数组
    } else if (sortval->type == REDIS_ZSET && dontsort) {
        /* Special handling for a sorted set, if 'dontsort' is true.
         * This makes sure we return elements in the sorted set original
         * ordering, accordingly to DESC / ASC options.
         *
         * Note that in this case we also handle LIMIT here in a direct
         * way, just getting the required range, as an optimization. */

		// 这是前面说过的,可以进行优化的 case

        zset *zs = sortval->ptr;
        zskiplist *zsl = zs->zsl;
        zskiplistNode *ln;
        robj *ele;
        int rangelen = vectorlen;

        /* Check if starting point is trivial, before doing log(N) lookup. */
		// 根据 desc 或者 asc 排序,指向初始节点
        if (desc) {
            long zsetlen = dictSize(((zset*)sortval->ptr)->dict);

            ln = zsl->tail;
            if (start > 0)
                ln = zslGetElementByRank(zsl,zsetlen-start);
        } else {
            ln = zsl->header->level[0].forward;
            if (start > 0)
                ln = zslGetElementByRank(zsl,start+1);
        }

		// 遍历范围中的所有节点,并放进数组
        while(rangelen--) {
            redisAssertWithInfo(c,sortval,ln != NULL);
            ele = ln->obj;
            vector[j].obj = ele;
            vector[j].u.score = 0;
            vector[j].u.cmpobj = NULL;
            j++;
            ln = desc ? ln->backward : ln->level[0].forward;
        }
        /* The code producing the output does not know that in the case of
         * sorted set, 'dontsort', and LIMIT, we are able to get just the
         * range, already sorted, so we need to adjust "start" and "end"
         * to make sure start is set to 0. */
        end -= start;
        start = 0;

	// 普通情况下的有序集合,将所有集合成员放进数组
    } else if (sortval->type == REDIS_ZSET) {
        dict *set = ((zset*)sortval->ptr)->dict;
        dictIterator *di;
        dictEntry *setele;
        di = dictGetIterator(set);
        while((setele = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
            vector[j].obj = dictGetKey(setele);
            vector[j].u.score = 0;
            vector[j].u.cmpobj = NULL;
            j++;
        }
        dictReleaseIterator(di);
    } else {
        redisPanic("Unknown type");
    }
    redisAssertWithInfo(c,sortval,j == vectorlen);
	
	/* Now it's time to load the right scores in the sorting vector */
	// 载入权重值
    if (dontsort == 0) {

        for (j = 0; j < vectorlen; j++) {
            robj *byval;

			// 如果使用了 BY 选项,那么就根据指定的对象作为权重
            if (sortby) {
                /* lookup value to sort by */
                byval = lookupKeyByPattern(c->db,sortby,vector[j].obj);
                if (!byval) continue;
			// 如果没有使用 BY 选项,那么使用对象本身作为权重
            } else {
                /* use object itself to sort by */
                byval = vector[j].obj;
            }

			// 如果是 ALPHA 排序,那么将对比对象改为解码后的 byval
            if (alpha) {
                if (sortby) vector[j].u.cmpobj = getDecodedObject(byval);
			// 否则,将字符串对象转换成 double 类型
            } else {
                if (sdsEncodedObject(byval)) {
                    char *eptr;
					// 将字符串转换成 double 类型
                    vector[j].u.score = strtod(byval->ptr,&eptr);
                    if (eptr[0] != '\0' || errno == ERANGE ||
                        isnan(vector[j].u.score))
                    {
                        int_convertion_error = 1;
                    }
                } else if (byval->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_INT) {
                    /* Don't need to decode the object if it's
                     * integer-encoded (the only encoding supported) so
                     * far. We can just cast it */
					// 直接将整数设置为权重
                    vector[j].u.score = (long)byval->ptr;
                } else {
                    redisAssertWithInfo(c,sortval,1 != 1);
                }
            }

            /* when the object was retrieved using lookupKeyByPattern,
             * its refcount needs to be decreased. */
            if (sortby) {
                decrRefCount(byval);
            }
        }

    }



	// 排序
    if (dontsort == 0) {
        server.sort_desc = desc;
        server.sort_alpha = alpha;
        server.sort_bypattern = sortby ? 1 : 0;
        server.sort_store = storekey ? 1 : 0;

        if (sortby && (start != 0 || end != vectorlen-1))
            pqsort(vector,vectorlen,sizeof(redisSortObject),sortCompare, start,end);
        else
            qsort(vector,vectorlen,sizeof(redisSortObject),sortCompare);
    }

    /* Send command output to the output buffer, performing the specified
     * GET/DEL/INCR/DECR operations if any. */
	// 将命令的输出放到输出缓冲区
	// 然后执行给定的 GET / DEL / INCR 或 DECR 操作
    outputlen = getop ? getop*(end-start+1) : end-start+1;
    if (int_convertion_error) {
        addReplyError(c,"One or more scores can't be converted into double");
    } else if (storekey == NULL) {

        /* STORE option not specified, sent the sorting result to client */
		// STORE 选项未使用,直接将排序结果发送给客户端

        addReplyMultiBulkLen(c,outputlen);
        for (j = start; j <= end; j++) {
            listNode *ln;
            listIter li;

			// 没有设置 GET 选项,直接将结果添加到回复
            if (!getop) addReplyBulk(c,vector[j].obj);

            // 有设置 GET 选项。。。

			// 遍历设置的操作
            listRewind(operations,&li);
            while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
                redisSortOperation *sop = ln->value;

				// 解释并查找键
                robj *val = lookupKeyByPattern(c->db,sop->pattern,
                    vector[j].obj);

				// 执行 GET 操作,将指定键的值添加到回复
                if (sop->type == REDIS_SORT_GET) {
                    if (!val) {
                        addReply(c,shared.nullbulk);
                    } else {
                        addReplyBulk(c,val);
                        decrRefCount(val);
                    }

				// DEL 、INCR 和 DECR 操作都尚未实现
                } else {
                    /* Always fails */
                    redisAssertWithInfo(c,sortval,sop->type == REDIS_SORT_GET);
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        robj *sobj = createZiplistObject();

        /* STORE option specified, set the sorting result as a List object */
		// 已设置 STORE 选项,将排序结果保存到列表对象

        for (j = start; j <= end; j++) {
            listNode *ln;
            listIter li;

			// 没有 GET ,直接返回排序元素
            if (!getop) {
                listTypePush(sobj,vector[j].obj,REDIS_TAIL);

			// 有 GET ,获取指定的键
            } else {
                listRewind(operations,&li);
                while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
                    redisSortOperation *sop = ln->value;
                    robj *val = lookupKeyByPattern(c->db,sop->pattern,
                        vector[j].obj);

                    if (sop->type == REDIS_SORT_GET) {
                        if (!val) val = createStringObject("",0);

                        /* listTypePush does an incrRefCount, so we should take care
                         * care of the incremented refcount caused by either
                         * lookupKeyByPattern or createStringObject("",0) */
                        listTypePush(sobj,val,REDIS_TAIL);
                        decrRefCount(val);
                    } else {
                        /* Always fails */
                        redisAssertWithInfo(c,sortval,sop->type == REDIS_SORT_GET);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

		// 如果排序结果不为空,那么将结果列表关联到数据库键,并发送事件
        if (outputlen) {
            setKey(c->db,storekey,sobj);
            notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_LIST,"sortstore",storekey,
                                c->db->id);
            server.dirty += outputlen;
		// 如果排序结果为空,那么只要删除 storekey 就可以了,因为没有结果可以保存
        } else if (dbDelete(c->db,storekey)) {
            signalModifiedKey(c->db,storekey);
            notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_GENERIC,"del",storekey,c->db->id);
            server.dirty++;
        }
        decrRefCount(sobj);
        addReplyLongLong(c,outputlen);
    }

    /* Cleanup */
    if (sortval->type == REDIS_LIST || sortval->type == REDIS_SET)
        for (j = 0; j < vectorlen; j++)
            decrRefCount(vector[j].obj);
    decrRefCount(sortval);
    listRelease(operations);
    for (j = 0; j < vectorlen; j++) {
        if (alpha && vector[j].u.cmpobj)
            decrRefCount(vector[j].u.cmpobj);
    }
    zfree(vector);
}</span>











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