概述
MemLeak 是一个C语言内存泄漏检测工具。 原理是利用 C 语言的宏调用来替代原有的函数调用, memleak 维护了一个链表,在这个链表中保存着程序中对内存函数
调用的记录,这些函数包括:malloc、calloc、realloc、free。
接口声明(对外)
memleak.h代码如下:
- /***************************************************************************
- memleak.h: Redirects calls to the functions defined in memleak.c
- Copyright (c) 2005, 2008 Stanislav Maslovski.
- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
- *************************************************************************
- Include this file into the module you want to debug for memory leaks.
- IMPORTANT:
- ==========
- If you do not want to catch ramdom segfaults make sure that this file gets
- included in _every_ module which uses malloc(), free() and friends.
- Only if you know that the blocks allocated in a particular module will never
- be freed or reallocated in any other module you may include this file only in
- that module. For additional information see memleak.c
- */
- #ifndef H_MEMLEAK_H
- #define H_MEMLEAK_H
- /* this makes sure that stdlib.h gets included before our macros */
- #include <stdlib.h>
- extern char *dbg_file_name;
- extern unsigned long dbg_line_number;
- #define CHK_FREED 1
- #define CHK_ALLOC 2
- #define CHK_ALL (CHK_FREED | CHK_ALLOC)
- extern void *dbg_malloc(size_t size);
- extern void *dbg_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
- extern void *dbg_calloc(size_t num, size_t size);
- extern void dbg_free(void *ptr);
- extern void dbg_init(int history_length);
- extern int dbg_check_addr(char *msg, void *ptr, int opt);
- extern void dbg_mem_stat(void);
- extern void dbg_zero_stat(void);
- extern void dbg_abort(char *msg);
- extern void dbg_heap_dump(char *keyword);
- extern void dbg_history_dump(char *keyword);
- extern void dbg_catch_sigsegv(void);
- #define FILE_LINE dbg_file_name = __FILE__, dbg_line_number = __LINE__
- #define malloc(s) (FILE_LINE, dbg_malloc(s))
- #define realloc(p, s) (FILE_LINE, dbg_realloc(p, s))
- #define calloc(n, s) (FILE_LINE, dbg_calloc(n, s))
- #define free(p) (FILE_LINE, dbg_free(p))
- #define dbg_init(n) (FILE_LINE, dbg_init(n))
- #define dbg_check_addr(m, p, o) (FILE_LINE, dbg_check_addr(m, p, o))
- #define dbg_mem_stat() (FILE_LINE, dbg_mem_stat())
- #define dbg_zero_stat() (FILE_LINE, dbg_zero_stat())
- #define dbg_abort(m) (FILE_LINE, dbg_abort(m))
- #define dbg_heap_dump(k) (FILE_LINE, dbg_heap_dump(k))
- #define dbg_history_dump(k) (FILE_LINE, dbg_history_dump(k))
- #define dbg_catch_sigsegv() (FILE_LINE, dbg_catch_sigsegv())
- #ifdef WITH_DBG_STRDUP
- /* this makes sure that string.h gets included before our macros */
- #include <string.h>
- extern char *dbg_strdup(const char *s);
- extern char *dbg_strndup(const char *s, size_t n);
- #define strdup(s) (FILE_LINE, dbg_strdup(s))
- #define strndup(s, n) (FILE_LINE, dbg_strndup(s, n))
- #endif
- #endif
通过定义的struct head 链表接口体来记录所有内存申请来源(文件,行数,大小),dbg_heap_dump()有可以打印出所有内存的分配情况.
memleak源码
sourceforge下载源码地址:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/memleak/
测试代码
example.c代码如下:
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include "memleak.h"
- int main()
- {
- void *a,*b,*c;
- char *s;
- dbg_init(10);
- dbg_catch_sigsegv();
- a = malloc(1000);
- b = malloc(30);
- a = realloc(a, 150);
- c = calloc(90, 3);
- b = realloc(b, 0);
- malloc(0);
- calloc(0, 10);
- realloc(0, 10);
- realloc(a, 0);
- free(0);
- s = strdup("A string.");
- s = strndup(s, 5);
- puts(s);
- dbg_mem_stat();
- dbg_heap_dump("");
- return 0;
- }
编译运行
直接make生成example,运行即可查看所有内存的分配使用情况,也可修example.c文件测试代码,对自己的程序进行验证内存问题.