oc 线程同步（买火车票案例）

程序

#import "LockViewController.h"

@interface LockViewController ()

@end

@implementation LockViewController{
    NSInteger tickets;//剩余票数
    NSInteger sellNum;//卖出票数
    NSThread* thread1;//买票线程1
    NSThread* thread2;//买票线程2
    NSLock *theLock;//锁
    // NSThread *myThread;
}


- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    tickets = 9;
    sellNum = 0;
    theLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];

    thread1 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(buy) object:nil];
    [thread1 setName:@"Thread-1"];
    [thread1 start];

    thread2 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(buy) object:nil];
    [thread2 setName:@"Thread-2"];
    [thread2 start];

}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

//买票
-(void)buy{
    while (TRUE) {
        //上锁
       [theLock lock];
        if(tickets >= 0){
            [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.09];
            sellNum = 9 - tickets;
            NSLog(@"当前票数是:%ld,售出:%ld,线程名:%@",tickets,sellNum,[[NSThread currentThread] name]);
            tickets--;
        }else{
            break;
        }
        [theLock unlock];
    }
}

@end

日志

2017-03-17 20:57:10.935099 NSThread[27116:6159025] 当前票数是:9,售出:0,线程名:Thread-1
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.027426 NSThread[27116:6159026] 当前票数是:8,售出:1,线程名:Thread-2
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.122619 NSThread[27116:6159025] 当前票数是:7,售出:2,线程名:Thread-1
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.217442 NSThread[27116:6159026] 当前票数是:6,售出:3,线程名:Thread-2
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.312683 NSThread[27116:6159025] 当前票数是:5,售出:4,线程名:Thread-1
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.407934 NSThread[27116:6159026] 当前票数是:4,售出:5,线程名:Thread-2
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.503127 NSThread[27116:6159025] 当前票数是:3,售出:6,线程名:Thread-1
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.595463 NSThread[27116:6159026] 当前票数是:2,售出:7,线程名:Thread-2
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.690010 NSThread[27116:6159025] 当前票数是:1,售出:8,线程名:Thread-1
 2017-03-17 20:57:11.783287 NSThread[27116:6159026] 当前票数是:0,售出:9,线程名:Thread-2

如果不加锁，日志是这样的

2017-03-17 20:58:06.427850 NSThread[27119:6159493] 当前票数是:9,售出:0,线程名:Thread-1
2017-03-17 20:58:06.428098 NSThread[27119:6159494] 当前票数是:9,售出:0,线程名:Thread-2
2017-03-17 20:58:06.523617 NSThread[27119:6159493] 当前票数是:7,售出:2,线程名:Thread-1
2017-03-17 20:58:06.524059 NSThread[27119:6159494] 当前票数是:6,售出:3,线程名:Thread-2
2017-03-17 20:58:06.614955 NSThread[27119:6159493] 当前票数是:5,售出:4,线程名:Thread-1
2017-03-17 20:58:06.615339 NSThread[27119:6159494] 当前票数是:4,售出:5,线程名:Thread-2
2017-03-17 20:58:06.710382 NSThread[27119:6159493] 当前票数是:3,售出:6,线程名:Thread-1
2017-03-17 20:58:06.710766 NSThread[27119:6159494] 当前票数是:2,售出:7,线程名:Thread-2
2017-03-17 20:58:06.806081 NSThread[27119:6159493] 当前票数是:1,售出:8,线程名:Thread-1
2017-03-17 20:58:06.806491 NSThread[27119:6159494] 当前票数是:0,售出:9,线程名:Thread-2
2017-03-17 20:58:06.905127 NSThread[27119:6159493] 当前票数是:-1,售出:10,线程名:Thread-1

关于NSLock

使用时，基本方法就是：
[lock lock];
[obj yourMethod];
[lock unlock];

我们称[obj yourMethod]为“关键部分”。
NSLock的执行原理：
某个线程A调用lock方法。这样，NSLock将被上锁。可以执行“关键部分”，完成后，调用unlock方法。
如果，在线程A 调用unlock方法之前，另一个线程B调用了同一锁对象的lock方法。那么，线程B只有等待。直到线程A调用了unlock。

参考

http://www.cnblogs.com/zhanglinfeng/p/4980536.html