9、数据采集模块
(一).Hadoop安装
集群规划:
服务器hadoop102 | 服务器hadoop103 | 服务器hadoop104 | |
HDFS | NameNode DataNode | DataNode | DataNode SecondaryNameNode |
Yarn | NodeManager | Resourcemanager NodeManager | NodeManager |
(1).项目经验之HDFS存储多目录
- ① 确认HDFS的存储目录,保证存储在空间最大硬盘上
- ② 在hdfs-site.xml文件中配置多目录,最好提前配置好,否则更改目录需要重新启动集群
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:///${hadoop.tmp.dir}/dfs/data1,file:///hd2/dfs/data2,file:///hd3/dfs/data3,file:///hd4/dfs/data4</value>
</property>
(2).项目经验之支持LZO压缩配置
- ① 先下载lzo的jar项目
https://github.com/twitter/hadoop-lzo/archive/master.zip - ② 下载后的文件名是hadoop-lzo-master,它是一个zip格式的压缩包,先进行解压,然后用maven编译。生成hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar。
- ③ 将编译好后的hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar 放入hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/
[weiwei@hadoop102 common]$ pwd
/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common
[weiwei@hadoop102 common]$ ls
hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar
- ④ 同步hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar到hadoop103、hadoop104
[weiwei@hadoop102 common]$ xsync hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar
- ⑤ core-site.xml增加配置支持LZO压缩
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>io.compression.codecs</name>
<value>
org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec,
org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec,
org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec,
org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec,
com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzoCodec,
com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzopCodec
</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>io.compression.codec.lzo.class</name>
<value>com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzoCodec</value>
</property>
</configuration>
- ⑥ 同步core-site.xml到hadoop103、hadoop104
[weiwei@hadoop102 hadoop]$ xsync core-site.xml
- ⑦ 启动及查看集群
[weiwei@hadoop102 hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[weiwei@hadoop103 hadoop-2.7.2]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
1)web和进程查看
Web查看:http://hadoop102:50070
进程查看:jps查看各个节点状态。
2)当启动发生错误的时候:
查看日志:/home/weiwei/module/hadoop-2.7.2/logs
如果进入安全模式,可以通过 hdfs dfsadmin -safemode leave
停止所有进程,删除data和log文件夹,然后hdfs namenode -format 来格式化:
sbin/stop-dfs.sh
rm -rf data/ logs/ (所有集群都删 xcall脚本)
(3).项目经验之基准测试
- 1) 测试HDFS写性能
测试内容:向HDFS集群写10个128M的文件
[weiwei@hadoop102 mapreduce]$ hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.2-tests.jar TestDFSIO -write -nrFiles 10 -fileSize 128MB
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: TestDFSIO.1.8
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: nrFiles = 10
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: nrBytes (MB) = 128.0
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: bufferSize = 1000000
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: baseDir = /benchmarks/TestDFSIO
19/05/02 11:55:45 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: creating control file: 134217728 bytes, 10 files
19/05/02 11:55:47 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: created control files for: 10 files
19/05/02 11:55:47 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at hadoop103/192.168.1.103:8032
19/05/02 11:55:48 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at hadoop103/192.168.1.103:8032
19/05/02 11:55:49 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 10
19/05/02 11:55:49 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:10
19/05/02 11:55:49 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1556766549220_0004
19/05/02 11:55:50 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1556766549220_0004
19/05/02 11:55:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://hadoop103:8088/proxy/application_1556766549220_0004/
19/05/02 11:55:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1556766549220_0004
19/05/02 11:56:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1556766549220_0004 running in uber mode : false
19/05/02 11:56:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:24 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 7% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:27 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 23% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:28 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 63% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:29 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 73% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:30 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 77% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:31 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 87% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:32 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:35 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 100%
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1556766549220_0004 completed successfully
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 51
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=856
FILE: Number of bytes written=1304826
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=2350
HDFS: Number of bytes written=1342177359
HDFS: Number of read operations=43
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=12
Job Counters
Killed map tasks=1
Launched map tasks=10
Launched reduce tasks=1
Data-local map tasks=8
Rack-local map tasks=2
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=263635
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=9698
Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=263635
Total time spent by all reduce tasks (ms)=9698
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=263635
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=9698
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=269962240
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=9930752
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=10
Map output records=50
Map output bytes=750
Map output materialized bytes=910
Input split bytes=1230
Combine input records=0
Combine output records=0
Reduce input groups=5
Reduce shuffle bytes=910
Reduce input records=50
Reduce output records=5
Spilled Records=100
Shuffled Maps =10
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=10
GC time elapsed (ms)=17343
CPU time spent (ms)=96930
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=2821341184
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=23273218048
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=2075656192
Shuffle Errors
BAD_ID=0
CONNECTION=0
IO_ERROR=0
WRONG_LENGTH=0
WRONG_MAP=0
WRONG_REDUCE=0
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=1120
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=79
19/05/02 23:39:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: ----- TestDFSIO ----- : write
19/05/02 23:39:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Date & time: Thu May 02 23:39:42 CST 2019
19/05/02 23:39:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Number of files: 10
19/05/02 23:39:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Total MBytes processed: 1280.0
19/05/02 23:39:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Throughput mb/sec: 10.69751115716984
19/05/02 23:39:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Average IO rate mb/sec: 14.91699504852295
19/05/02 23:39:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: IO rate std deviation: 11.160882132355928
19/05/02 23:39:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Test exec time sec: 66.231
-
2)测试HDFS读性能
测试内容:读取HDFS集群10个128M的文件
[weiwei@hadoop102 mapreduce]$ hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.2-tests.jar TestDFSIO -read -nrFiles 10 -fileSize 128MB
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: TestDFSIO.1.8
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: nrFiles = 10
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: nrBytes (MB) = 128.0
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: bufferSize = 1000000
19/05/02 11:55:42 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: baseDir = /benchmarks/TestDFSIO
19/05/02 11:55:45 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: creating control file: 134217728 bytes, 10 files
19/05/02 11:55:47 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: created control files for: 10 files
19/05/02 11:55:47 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at hadoop103/192.168.1.103:8032
19/05/02 11:55:48 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at hadoop103/192.168.1.103:8032
19/05/02 11:55:49 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 10
19/05/02 11:55:49 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:10
19/05/02 11:55:49 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1556766549220_0004
19/05/02 11:55:50 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1556766549220_0004
19/05/02 11:55:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://hadoop103:8088/proxy/application_1556766549220_0004/
19/05/02 11:55:50 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1556766549220_0004
19/05/02 11:56:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1556766549220_0004 running in uber mode : false
19/05/02 11:56:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:24 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 7% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:27 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 23% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:28 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 63% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:29 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 73% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:30 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 77% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:31 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 87% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:32 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
19/05/02 11:56:35 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 100%
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1556766549220_0004 completed successfully
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 51
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=852
FILE: Number of bytes written=1304796
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=1342179630
HDFS: Number of bytes written=78
HDFS: Number of read operations=53
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=2
Job Counters
Killed map tasks=1
Launched map tasks=10
Launched reduce tasks=1
Data-local map tasks=8
Rack-local map tasks=2
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=233690
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=7215
Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=233690
Total time spent by all reduce tasks (ms)=7215
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=233690
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=7215
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=239298560
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=7388160
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=10
Map output records=50
Map output bytes=746
Map output materialized bytes=906
Input split bytes=1230
Combine input records=0
Combine output records=0
Reduce input groups=5
Reduce shuffle bytes=906
Reduce input records=50
Reduce output records=5
Spilled Records=100
Shuffled Maps =10
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=10
GC time elapsed (ms)=6473
CPU time spent (ms)=57610
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=2841436160
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=23226683392
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=2070413312
Shuffle Errors
BAD_ID=0
CONNECTION=0
IO_ERROR=0
WRONG_LENGTH=0
WRONG_MAP=0
WRONG_REDUCE=0
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=1120
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=78
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: ----- TestDFSIO ----- : read
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Date & time: Thu May 02 11:56:36 CST 2019
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Number of files: 10
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Total MBytes processed: 1280.0
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Throughput mb/sec: 16.001000062503905
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Average IO rate mb/sec: 17.202795028686523
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: IO rate std deviation: 4.881590515873911
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO: Test exec time sec: 49.116
19/05/02 11:56:36 INFO fs.TestDFSIO:
- 3)删除测试生成数据
[weiwei@hadoop102 mapreduce]$ hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.2-tests.jar TestDFSIO -clean
- 4)使用Sort程序评测MapReduce
① 使用RandomWriter来产生随机数,每个节点运行10个Map任务,每个Map产生大约1G大小的二进制随机数
[weiwei@hadoop102 mapreduce]$ hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.2.jar randomwriter random-data
②执行Sort程序
[weiwei@hadoop102 mapreduce]$ hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.2.jar sort random-data sorted-data
③验证数据是否真正排好序了
[weiwei@hadoop102 mapreduce]$ hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.2.jar testmapredsort -sortInput random-data -sortOutput sorted-data
(4).项目经验之Hadoop参数调优
- 1)HDFS参数调优hdfs-site.xml
① dfs.namenode.handler.count=20 * log2(Cluster Size)比如集群规模为8台时此参数设置为60。
The number of Namenode RPC server threads that listen to requests from
clients. If dfs.namenode.servicerpc-address is not configured then
Namenode RPC server threads listen to requests from all nodes.
NameNode有一个工作线程池,用来处理不同DataNode的并发心跳以及客户端并发的元数据操作。对于大集群或者有大量客户端的集群来说,通常需要增大参数dfs.namenode.handler.count的默认值10。设置该值的一般原则是将其设置为集群大小的自然对数乘以20,即20logN,N为集群大小。
②编辑日志存储路径dfs.namenode.edits.dir设置与镜像文件存储路径dfs.namenode.name.dir尽量分开,达到最低写入延迟
- 2)YARN参数调优yarn-site.xml
① ★★★情景描述:总共7台机器,每天几亿条数据,数据源->Flume->Kafka->HDFS->Hive★★★
面临问题:数据统计主要用HiveSQL,没有数据倾斜,小文件已经做了合并处理,开启的JVM重用,而且IO没有阻塞,内存用了不到50%。但是还是跑的非常慢,而且数据量洪峰过来时,整个集群都会宕掉。基于这种情况有没有优化方案。
② 解决办法:
内存利用率不够。这个一般是Yarn的2个配置造成的,单个任务可以申请的最大内存大小,和Hadoop单个节点可用内存大小。调节这两个参数能提高系统内存的利用率。
(a)yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb
表示该节点上YARN可使用的物理内存总量,默认是8192(MB),注意,如果你的节点内存资源不够8GB,则需要调减小这个值,而YARN不会智能的探测节点的物理内存总量。
(b)yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb
单个任务可申请的最多物理内存量,默认是8192(MB)。
③ Hadoop宕机
(a)如果MR造成系统宕机。此时要控制Yarn同时运行的任务数,和每个任务申请的最大内存。调整参数:yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb(单个任务可申请的最多物理内存量,默认是8192MB)
(b)如果写入文件过量造成NameNode宕机。那么调高Kafka的存储大小,控制从Kafka到HDFS的写入速度。高峰期的时候用Kafka进行缓存,高峰期过去数据同步会自动跟上。
(二).Zookeeper安装
(1) 分布式安装部署
1.集群规划
在hadoop102、hadoop103和hadoop104三个节点上部署Zookeeper。
2.解压安装
(1)解压Zookeeper安装包到/opt/module/目录下
[weiwei@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
(2)同步/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10目录内容到hadoop103、hadoop104
[weiwei@hadoop102 module]$ xsync zookeeper-3.4.10/
3.配置服务器编号
(1)在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/这个目录下创建zkData
[weiwei@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ mkdir zkData
(2)在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData目录下创建一个myid的文件
[weiwei@hadoop102 zkData]$ touch myid
添加myid文件,注意一定要在linux里面创建,在notepad++里面很可能乱码
(3)编辑myid文件
[weiwei@hadoop102 zkData]$ vi myid
在文件中添加与server对应的编号:1
(4)拷贝配置好的zookeeper到其他机器上
[weiwei@hadoop102 zkData]$ xsync myid[weiwei@hadoop102 zkData]$ xsync myid
并分别在hadoop102、hadoop103上修改myid文件中内容为2、3
4.配置zoo.cfg文件
(1)重命名/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf这个目录下的zoo_sample.cfg为zoo.cfg
[weiwei@hadoop102 conf]$ mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
(2)打开zoo.cfg文件
[weiwei@hadoop102 conf]$ vim zoo.cfg
#修改数据存储路径配置
dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
#增加如下配置
#######################cluster##########################
server.1=hadoop102:2888:3888
server.2=hadoop103:2888:3888
server.3=hadoop104:2888:3888
(3)同步zoo.cfg配置文件
[weiwei@hadoop102 conf]$ xsync zoo.cfg
(2) ZK集群启动停止脚本
1)在hadoop102的/home/weiwei/bin目录下创建脚本
[weiwei@hadoop102 bin]$ vim zk.sh
在脚本中编写如下内容
#! /bin/bash
case $1 in
"start"){
echo "================ 正在启动Zookeeper ==========="
for i in hadoop102 hadoop103 hadoop104
do
echo ------------$i-----------
ssh $i "/opt/module/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start"
done
};;
"stop"){
echo "================ 正在关闭Zookeeper ==========="
for i in hadoop102 hadoop103 hadoop104
do
echo ------------$i-----------
ssh $i "/opt/module/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh stop"
done
};;
"status"){
for i in hadoop102 hadoop103 hadoop104
do
ssh $i "/opt/module/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh status"
done
};;
esac
注意:如若出现这种错误:
解决方法: 在/zookeeper/bin/zkEnv.sh的中开始位置添加export JAVA_HOME=/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_112
2)增加脚本执行权限
[weiwei@hadoop102 bin]$ chmod 777 zk.sh
3)Zookeeper集群启动脚本
[weiwei@hadoop102 module]$ zk.sh start
4)Zookeeper集群停止脚本
[weiwei@hadoop102 module]$ zk.sh stop
4)Zookeeper集群校验状态脚本
[weiwei@hadoop102 module]$ zk.sh status