spring如何解决循环依赖

ywl470812087

已于 2022-11-04 15:34:01 修改

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分类专栏： spring 文章标签： spring java

于 2022-11-04 15:33:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ywl470812087/article/details/127688060

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什么是循环依赖？
循环依赖其实是指两个及以上bean相互持有对方，最终形成闭环的过程（一般聊循环依赖都是默认的单例bean），简单说就是A依赖B,B依赖C,C又依赖A。

下面我就借用别人的网图来解释下：

注意，这里不是函数的循环调用，是对象的相互依赖关系。循环调用其实就是一个死循环，除非有终结条件。

Spring中循环依赖场景主要有以下两种：
（1）field属性的循环依赖
（2）构造器的循环依赖
（3）DependsOn循环依赖

2、怎么检测循环依赖
检测循环依赖相对比较容易，Bean在创建的时候可以给该Bean打标，如果递归调用回来发现正在创建中的话，即说明了循环依赖了。

3、Spring怎么解决循环依赖

Spring解决循环依赖的理论依据其实是基于Java的引用传递，当我们获取到对象的引用时，对象的field或则属性是可以延后设置的(但是构造器必须是在获取引用之前)。

Spring的单例对象的初始化主要分为三步：

实例化：其实也就是调用对象的构造方法实例化对象
注入：填充属性，这一步主要是对bean的依赖属性进行填充
初始化：属性注入后，执行自定义初始化

其实在Spring中，有两种循环依赖的场景...

第一种：构造器的循环依赖
第二种：setter的依赖注入

第一种是没有办法解决的，而第二种可以使用提前暴露对象的方式进行解决

那么肯定有很多小伙伴会有疑问，为什么？
其实想搞明白这个问题，需要对Spring的Bean的生命周期有一个完整的了解，如下图：

大家可能对这个图不太熟悉，但是我要强调的是，图中我已经用三种颜色标识了，除了使用这部分之外，可以分为实例化和初始化，这也是解决问题的核心。
同时，Spring中还使用了三级缓存来解决问题：

spring获取单例源码可见

什么是三级缓存就是上面的3个map

获取单例

public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
        Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
        synchronized(this.singletonObjects) {
            Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
            if (singletonObject == null) {
                if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
                    throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName, "Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction (Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
                }

                if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
                }

                this.beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
                boolean newSingleton = false;
                boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = this.suppressedExceptions == null;
                if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                    this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet();
                }

                try {
                    singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
                    newSingleton = true;
                } catch (IllegalStateException var16) {
                    singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
                    if (singletonObject == null) {
                        throw var16;
                    }
                } catch (BeanCreationException var17) {
                    BeanCreationException ex = var17;
                    if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                        Iterator var8 = this.suppressedExceptions.iterator();

                        while(var8.hasNext()) {
                            Exception suppressedException = (Exception)var8.next();
                            ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
                        }
                    }

                    throw ex;
                } finally {
                    if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                        this.suppressedExceptions = null;
                    }

                    this.afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
                }

                if (newSingleton) {
                    this.addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
                }
            }

            return singletonObject;
        }
    }

上面这段代码就是先从1级缓存取，取到就返回，取不到就

this.beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);

 protected void beforeSingletonCreation(String beanName) {
        if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName)) {
            throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
        }
    }

inCreationCheckExclusions集合不包含这个bean就把bean放入singletonsCurrentlyInCreation

finally执行

protected void afterSingletonCreation(String beanName) {
    if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName)) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Singleton '" + beanName + "' isn't currently in creation");
    }
}

inCreationCheckExclusions不包含bean就把bean从singletonsCurrentlyInCreation删除

添加单例工厂

 protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
        Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
        synchronized(this.singletonObjects) {
            if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
                this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
                this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
                this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
            }

        }
    }

下面解读下下面的这段代码

先解释下两个参数：

allowEarlyReference 是否允许从singletonFactories中通过getObject拿到对象
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation()判断当前单例bean是否正在创建中，也就是没有初始化完成(比如A的构造器依赖了B对象所以得先去创建B对象，或则在A的populateBean过程中依赖了B对象，得先去创建B对象，这时的A就是处于创建中的状态。)

分析getSingleton()的整个过程，Spring首先从一级缓存singletonObjects中获取。如果获取不到，并且对象正在创建中，就再从二级缓存earlySingletonObjects中获取。如果还是获取不到且允许singletonFactories通过getObject()获取，就从三级缓存singletonFactory.getObject()(三级缓存)获取，如果获取到了则：
从singletonFactories中移除，并放入earlySingletonObjects中。其实也就是从三级缓存移动到了二级缓存。

  this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
    // 从singletonFactories中移除，并放入earlySingletonObjects中。其实也就是从三级缓存移动到了二级缓存。
    this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);

从上面三级缓存的分析，我们可以知道，Spring解决循环依赖的诀窍就在于singletonFactories这个三级cache。这个cache的类型是ObjectFactory，定义如下：

@FunctionalInterface
public interface ObjectFactory<T> {

    /**
     * Return an instance (possibly shared or independent)
     * of the object managed by this factory.
     * @return the resulting instance
     * @throws BeansException in case of creation errors
     */
    T getObject() throws BeansException;
}

调用createBeanInstance实例化后，如果bean是单例，且允许从singletonFactories获取bean，并且当前bean正在创建中，那么就把beanName放入三级缓存(singletonFactories)中:
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean

protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException {
        if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            this.logger.trace("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
        }

        RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;
        Class<?> resolvedClass = this.resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName, new Class[0]);
        if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
            mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
            mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
        }

        try {
            mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
        } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException var9) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", var9);
        }

        Object beanInstance;
        try {
            beanInstance = this.resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
            if (beanInstance != null) {
                return beanInstance;
            }
        } catch (Throwable var10) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", var10);
        }

        try {
            beanInstance = this.doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
            if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                this.logger.trace("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
            }

            return beanInstance;
        } catch (ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException | BeanCreationException var7) {
            throw var7;
        } catch (Throwable var8) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", var8);
        }
    }

调用createBeanInstance实例化后，如果bean是单例，且允许从singletonFactories获取bean，并且当前bean正在创建中，那么就把beanName放入三级缓存(singletonFactories)中:
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean

 protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException {
        BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
        if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
            instanceWrapper = (BeanWrapper)this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
        }

        if (instanceWrapper == null) {
            instanceWrapper = this.createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
        }

        Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
        Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
        if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
            mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
        }

        synchronized(mbd.postProcessingLock) {
            if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
                try {
                    this.applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
                } catch (Throwable var17) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", var17);
                }

                mbd.postProcessed = true;
            }
        }

        boolean earlySingletonExposure = mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences && this.isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName);
        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                this.logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName + "' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
            }

            this.addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> {
                return this.getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
            });
        }

        Object exposedObject = bean;

        try {
            this.populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
            exposedObject = this.initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
        } catch (Throwable var18) {
            if (var18 instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException)var18).getBeanName())) {
                throw (BeanCreationException)var18;
            }

            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", var18);
        }

        if (earlySingletonExposure) {
            Object earlySingletonReference = this.getSingleton(beanName, false);
            if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
                if (exposedObject == bean) {
                    exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
                } else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && this.hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
                    String[] dependentBeans = this.getDependentBeans(beanName);
                    Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet(dependentBeans.length);
                    String[] var12 = dependentBeans;
                    int var13 = dependentBeans.length;

                    for(int var14 = 0; var14 < var13; ++var14) {
                        String dependentBean = var12[var14];
                        if (!this.removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
                            actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
                        }
                    }

                    if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" + StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) + "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using 'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            this.registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
            return exposedObject;
        } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException var16) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", var16);
        }
    }

protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
        Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
        synchronized(this.singletonObjects) {
            if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
                this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
                this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
                this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
            }

        }
    }



一级缓存没有这个bean，就把bean放入三级缓存，并且删除二级缓存，并且把bean注册到registeredSingletons

这里就是解决循环依赖的关键，这段代码发生在createBeanInstance之后，也就是说单例对象此时已经被创建出来(调用了构造器)。这个对象已经被生产出来了，虽然还不完美（还没有进行初始化的第二步和第三步），但是已经能被人认出来了（根据对象引用能定位到堆中的对象），所以Spring此时将这个对象提前曝光出来让大家认识，让大家使用。