java基础-线程

一、如何实现线程

1、实现Runable接口

public class RunnableDemo implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
        System.out.println("this is a Runable Demo");
    }
}

2、继承Thread类

public class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
    private final int number;

    public ThreadDemo(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
        System.out.println("this is extend Thread Demo, number is :" + number);
    }
}

3、线程执行

public class ThreadTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread1 = new ThreadDemo(1);
        thread1.start();
        //为了让线程按照顺序执行，用线程的join方法，阻塞线程
        //实际使用的时候，如果没有严格的顺序需求，不推荐
        thread1.join();


        Thread thread2 = new Thread(new RunnableDemo());
        thread2.start();
        thread2.join();

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
        System.out.println("this is main thread");
    }
}

运行结果：
Thread-0
this is extend Thread Demo, number is :1
Thread-1
this is a Runable Demo
main
this is main thread

启动线程的方法有2中start() 和run()，
用start启动才能新建线程，如上面运行结果Thread-0，thread-1, main
用run启动不会新建线程，上面运行结果为main，main，main

二、如何拿到线程中的返回结果

利用callable接口和futureTask来实现

1、实现Callable

public class CallableDemo implements Callable {
    private String name;

    public CallableDemo(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
        System.out.println("this thread will sleep");
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        System.out.println("this thread wake");
        return "this is a CallabelDemo's name is : " + name;
    }
}

2、调用Futuretask

public class ThreadLearn {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        FutureTask<String> callTask = new FutureTask<String>(new CallableDemo("call"));
        Thread callThread = new Thread(callTask);
        callThread.start();
        System.out.println(callTask.get());
    }
}

执行结果：
Thread-0
this thread will sleep
this thread wake
this is a CallabelDemo’s name is : call

需要注意的是使用futuretask的get()方法来得到结果会一直阻塞主线程，直到拿到结果，如上面的例子，在callable的线程中让sleep了2s，但是在主线程中并没有让主线程休眠，正常情况下是主线程启动了新的线程后，如果callTask.get()没有阻塞主线程，那么主线程就已经结束，那么新起的线程也会因主线程结束而被回收，不会打印出来下面这2句。而结果是打印出来，验证看上面的说法
this thread wake
this is a CallabelDemo’s name is : call

针对get的这一特性，在用callable的时候需要自己callable里面加上超时或者异常处理。避免程序一直阻塞