Lambda Expressions

无论是expression lambda还是statement lambda，都适用以下的描述：

Lambda Expressions - This is a shorthand for specifying a method. The C# compiler will translate each into either an anonymous method or a true System.Linq.Expressions.Expression. You really need to understand these to use Linq well. There are three parts: A parameter list, an arrow, and a method body.

 

1.匿名方法的例子：（匿名方法可以作为delegate直接传给接受Action<>，Func<>这些concrete delegate的地方，也就是编译器可以自动转换，但如果接受方需要的是Delegate这个抽象的类对象，比如Dispatch.Invoke方法，就要类型转换，这里有讨论这个问题的。）

new Action(() =>{...})

lambda表达式变成了 .method public hidebysig instance void <LoadData>b__8() cil managed

    <>c__DisplayClassa CS$<>8__localsb; (这里Reflector翻译的C#不准，看IL指令集，实际是newobj指令，把当前context创建出来）
      CS$<>9__CachedAnonymousMethodDelegate9 = new Action(CS$<>8__localsb, (IntPtr) this.<LoadData>b__8);
（调用了Lambda表达式形成的匿名方法）

 

2.转成Expressions的例子，生成了暴多的IL,应用了很多Expressons命名空间的类和方法：

h => h.CompanyCode == "1"  会变成 Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr

: ldtoken [CdcSoftware.Erp.RuntimeServices]CdcSoftware.Erp.RuntimeServices.Entities.Finance.SalesOrderHeader
    L_0012: call class [mscorlib]System.Type [mscorlib]System.Type::GetTypeFromHandle(valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeTypeHandle)
    L_0017: ldstr "h"
    L_001c: call class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.ParameterExpression [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression::Parameter(class [mscorlib]System.Type, string)
    L_0021: stloc.3
    L_0022: ldloc.3
    L_0023: ldtoken instance string [CdcSoftware.Erp.RuntimeServices]CdcSoftware.Erp.RuntimeServices.Entities.Finance.SalesOrderHeader::get_CompanyCode()
    L_0028: call class [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodBase [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodBase::GetMethodFromHandle(valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeMethodHandle)
    L_002d: castclass [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodInfo
    L_0032: call class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.MemberExpression [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression::Property(class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression, class [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodInfo)
    L_0037: ldstr "1"
    L_003c: ldtoken string
    L_0041: call class [mscorlib]System.Type [mscorlib]System.Type::GetTypeFromHandle(valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeTypeHandle)
    L_0046: call class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.ConstantExpression [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression::Constant(object, class [mscorlib]System.Type)
    L_004b: ldc.i4.0
    L_004c: ldtoken bool [mscorlib]System.String::op_Equality(string, string)
    L_0051: call class [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodBase [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodBase::GetMethodFromHandle(valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeMethodHandle)
    L_0056: castclass [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodInfo
    L_005b: call class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.BinaryExpression [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression::Equal(class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression, class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression, bool, class [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodInfo) //这时栈内是第一个参数，lambda的body Expression
    L_0060: ldc.i4.1
    L_0061: newarr [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.ParameterExpression
    L_0066: stloc.s CS$0$0002
    L_0068: ldloc.s CS$0$0002
    L_006a: ldc.i4.0
    L_006b: ldloc.3
    L_006c: stelem.ref
    L_006d: ldloc.s CS$0$0002 //把ParameterExpression[0]加载到栈里（第二个参数，lambda的左边的参数集合）
    L_006f: call class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1<!!0> [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression::Lambda<class [mscorlib]System.Func`2<class [CdcSoftware.Erp.RuntimeServices]CdcSoftware.Erp.RuntimeServices.Entities.Finance.SalesOrderHeader, bool>>(class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.Expression, class [System.Core]System.Linq.Expressions.ParameterExpression[])

题外话：关于IL的参数顺序，生成的IL都是从左到右压到栈里的，但为什么网上都说c#是stdcall呢（也是从右到左的）。这里指出：“当我们使用 call 等指令调用一个方法时，CLR 为目标方法在调用堆栈上新分配一个堆栈帧，并将方法参数从当前方法的计算堆栈弹出压入目标方法的参数表中，接着执行流程跳转到目标方法。”注意弹出压入一词，在老方法里压栈的顺序是param1,param2,则老栈内是param2在param1上面 弹出压入新参数表栈后，由于是param2先弹压，就变成了param2在param1下面了。这就是从右到左的过程。