内核--任务调度--等待

1、wait_event

2、wait_event_timeout

3、wait_event_interruptible

4、wait_event_interruptible_timeout

5、wait_event_interruptible_excusive

1----wait_event

内核经常进行进程的调度，下面是等待队列的使用：

 wait_event - sleep until a condition gets true.   
 * The process is put to sleep (TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE) until the
 * @condition evaluates to true. The @condition is checked each time
 * the waitqueue @wq is woken up.

#define wait_event(wq, condition) 					\
do {									\
	if (condition)	 						\
		break;							\
	__wait_event(wq, condition);					\
} while (0)

定义了一个wait结构，然后设置进程进行睡眠。

如果有其他进程唤醒这个进程，判断条件是否满足，如果满足删除wait对象，否则继续进行睡眠，如下

#define __wait_event(wq, condition) 					\
do {									\
	DEFINE_WAIT(__wait);						\
									\
	for (;;) {							\
		prepare_to_wait(&wq, &__wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);	\
		if (condition)						\
			break;						\
		schedule();						\
	}								\
	finish_wait(&wq, &__wait);					\
} while (0)

一直循环等待，直到condition为真，break，直到进行finish_wait函数，删除。

#define DEFINE_WAIT(name) DEFINE_WAIT_FUNC(name, autoremove_wake_function)

执行以下定义处理

#define DEFINE_WAIT_FUNC(name, function)				\
	wait_queue_t name = {						\
		.private	= current,				\
		.func		= function,				\
		.task_list	= LIST_HEAD_INIT((name).task_list),	\
	}

autoremove_wake_function函数处理过程如下：

int autoremove_wake_function(wait_queue_t *wait, unsigned mode, int sync, void *key)
{
	int ret = default_wake_function(wait, mode, sync, key);

	if (ret)
		list_del_init(&wait->task_list);
	return ret;
}

2----wait_event_timeout

此函数主要满足执行要求，则进入执行等待任务执行函数，执行等待 和 event, 超时退出等待任务调度

/**
 * wait_event_timeout - sleep until a condition gets true or a timeout elapse逝去消逝
 * @wq: the waitqueue to wait on
 * @condition: a C expression for the event to wait for
 * @timeout: timeout, in jiffies
 *
 * The process is put to sleep (TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE) until the
 * @condition evaluates to true. The @condition is checked each time
 * the waitqueue @wq is woken up.
 *
 * wake_up() has to be called after changing any variable that could
 * change the result of the wait condition.
 *
 * The function returns 0 if the @timeout elapsed逝去消逝, and the remaining
 * jiffies if the condition evaluated to true before the timeout elapsed.
 */
#define wait_event_timeout(wq, condition, timeout)			\
({									\
	long __ret = timeout;						\
	if (!(condition)) 						\
		__wait_event_timeout(wq, condition, __ret);		\
	__ret;								\
})

执行等待任务调度函数__wait_event_timeout

#define __wait_event_timeout(wq, condition, ret)			\
do {									\
	DEFINE_WAIT(__wait);						\
									\
	for (;;) {							\
		prepare_to_wait(&wq, &__wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);	\
		if (condition)						\
			break;						\
		ret = schedule_timeout(ret);				\
		if (!ret)						\
			break;						\
	}								\
	finish_wait(&wq, &__wait);					\
} while (0)

3----wait_event_interruptible

/**
 * wait_event_interruptible - sleep until a condition gets true ---睡眠直到condition状态0-->真--
 * @wq: the waitqueue等待队列 to wait on
 * @condition: a C expression for the event to wait for	------一个等待事件的C表达式
 *
 * The process is put to sleep (TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE) until the
 * @condition evaluates to true or a signal is received.
 * The @condition is checked each time the waitqueue @wq is woken up.
 *
 * wake_up() has to be called after changing any variable that could
 * change the result of the wait condition.
 *
 * The function will return -ERESTARTSYS if it was interrupted by a
 * signal and 0 if @condition evaluated to true.
 */
#define wait_event_interruptible(wq, condition)				\
({									\
	int __ret = 0;							\
	if (!(condition))						\
		__wait_event_interruptible(wq, condition, __ret);	\
	__ret;								\
})

执行等待中断任务调度函数 __wait_event_interruptible：

#define __wait_event_interruptible(wq, condition, ret)			\
do {									\
	DEFINE_WAIT(__wait);						\
									\
	for (;;) {							\
		prepare_to_wait(&wq, &__wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);	\
		if (condition)						\
			break;						\
		if (!signal_pending(current)) {				\
			schedule();					\
			continue;					\
		}							\
		ret = -ERESTARTSYS;					\
		break;							\
	}								\
	finish_wait(&wq, &__wait);					\
} while (0)

具体一些函数的解释;
1、 DEFINE_WAIT宏定义的说明

#define DEFINE_WAIT(name) DEFINE_WAIT_FUNC(name, autoremove_wake_function)

#define	DEFINE_WAIT_FUNC(name, function)				\
	wait_queue_t name = {						\
		.private	= current,				\
		.func		= function,				\
		.task_list	= LIST_HEAD_INIT((name).task_list),	\
	}

2、 prepare_to_wait函数的解释

/*
 * Note: we use "set_current_state()" _after_ the wait-queue add,
 * because we need a memory barrier there on SMP, so that any
 * wake-function that tests for the wait-queue being active
 * will be guaranteed to see waitqueue addition _or_ subsequent
 * tests in this thread will see the wakeup having taken place.
 *
 * The spin_unlock() itself is semi-permeable and only protects
 * one way (it only protects stuff inside the critical region and
 * stops them from bleeding out - it would still allow subsequent
 * loads to move into the critical region).
 */
void
prepare_to_wait(wait_queue_head_t *q, wait_queue_t *wait, int state)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	wait->flags &= ~WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
	spin_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);	
	if (list_empty(&wait->task_list))
		__add_wait_queue(q, wait);
	set_current_state(state);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
}

4----wait_event_interruptible_timeout

与wait_event_interruptible相比，多了一个时间限制：

一直睡眠--直到condition状态为真 或者 时间到

/**
 * wait_event_interruptible_timeout - sleep until a condition gets true or a timeout elapses
 * @wq: the waitqueue to wait on
 * @condition: a C expression for the event to wait for
 * @timeout: timeout, in jiffies
 *
 * The process is put to sleep (TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE) until the
 * @condition evaluates to true or a signal is received.
 * The @condition is checked each time the waitqueue @wq is woken up.
 *
 * wake_up() has to be called after changing any variable that could
 * change the result of the wait condition.
 *
 * The function returns 0 if the @timeout elapsed, -ERESTARTSYS if it
 * was interrupted by a signal, and the remaining jiffies otherwise
 * if the condition evaluated to true before the timeout elapsed.
 */
#define wait_event_interruptible_timeout(wq, condition, timeout)	\
({									\
	long __ret = timeout;						\
	if (!(condition))						\
		__wait_event_interruptible_timeout(wq, condition, __ret); \
	__ret;								\
})

condition---为真限制

timeout---限制的时间，__ret 获得 

#define __wait_event_interruptible_timeout(wq, condition, ret)		\
do {									\
	DEFINE_WAIT(__wait);						\
									\
	for (;;) {							\
		prepare_to_wait(&wq, &__wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);	\
		if (condition)						\
			break;						\
		if (!signal_pending(current)) {				\
			ret = schedule_timeout(ret);			\
			if (!ret)					\
				break;					\
			continue;					\
		}							\
		ret = -ERESTARTSYS;					\
		break;							\
	}								\
	finish_wait(&wq, &__wait);					\
} while (0)

5---wait_event_interruptible_exclusive

是一个排他性等待

注释：何为排他性等待？

有一些进程都在等待队列中，当唤醒的时候，内核是唤醒所有的进程。

如果进程设置了排他性等待的标志，唤醒所有非排他性进程和一个排他性进程。

#define wait_event_interruptible_exclusive(wq, condition)		\
({									\
	int __ret = 0;							\
	if (!(condition))						\
		__wait_event_interruptible_exclusive(wq, condition, __ret);\
	__ret;								\
})

#define __wait_event_interruptible_exclusive(wq, condition, ret)	\
do {									\
	DEFINE_WAIT(__wait);						\
									\
	for (;;) {							\
		prepare_to_wait_exclusive(&wq, &__wait,			\
					TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);		\
		if (condition) {					\
			finish_wait(&wq, &__wait);			\
			break;						\
		}							\
		if (!signal_pending(current)) {				\
			schedule();					\
			continue;					\
		}							\
		ret = -ERESTARTSYS;					\
		abort_exclusive_wait(&wq, &__wait, 			\
				TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, NULL);		\
		break;							\
	}								\
} while (0)

主要执行排他性操作的函数abort_exclusive_wait

/**
 * abort_exclusive_wait - abort exclusive waiting in a queue
 * @q: waitqueue waited on
 * @wait: wait descriptor
 * @mode: runstate of the waiter to be woken
 * @key: key to identify a wait bit queue or %NULL
 *
 * Sets current thread back to running state and removes
 * the wait descriptor from the given waitqueue if still
 * queued.
 *
 * Wakes up the next waiter if the caller is concurrently
 * woken up through the queue.
 *
 * This prevents waiter starvation where an exclusive waiter
 * aborts and is woken up concurrently and no one wakes up
 * the next waiter.
 */
void abort_exclusive_wait(wait_queue_head_t *q, wait_queue_t *wait,
			unsigned int mode, void *key)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
	spin_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
	if (!list_empty(&wait->task_list))
		list_del_init(&wait->task_list);
	else if (waitqueue_active(q))
		__wake_up_locked_key(q, mode, key);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
}