day ---- 4（列表 元组 range）

列表

python常用的容器型数据类型 list列表 其他语言 Java:数组

一.列表初初识

list

1.str

	 存储少量的数据   切片还是任何操作获取的都是字符串类型
	 l1 = [100,alex,True,[1,2,3]]   # 承载任意数据类型 ，存储大量数据

列表是有序的 可索引 切片（步长）

2.索引，切片，步长

(1).索引

li = [100,"taibai",True,[1,2,3]]
print(li[0],type(li[0]))
print(li[1],type(li[1]))
print(li[-1],type(li[-1]))

(2).切片（顾头不顾尾）

li = [100,"taibai",True,[1,2,3]]
print(li[:2])

# 1.通过対1i列表的切片形成新的列表l1,l1 = [1,3,2]
# 2.通过対1i列表的切片形成新的列表l2,l2 = ["a",4,"b"]
# 3.通过対li列表的切片形成新的列表l4,l4 = [3,"a","b"]
# 4.通过対1i列表的切片形成新的列表l6,l6 = ["b","a",3]
li=[1,3,2,"a",4,"b",5,"c"]                  
l1 = li[:3]									# 1
print(l1)

l2 = li[3:6]                                # 2
print(l2)

l4 = li[1:6:2]                              # 3
print(l4)

l6 = li[-3:-8:-2]                            # 4
print(l6)

二.列表的只能增删改查

列表的创建
方式一
li = [1,2,“alex”]

方法二
			l1 = list()
			l2 = list("xvjxbvnmbhghjschzbnmcbmxnx")
			print(l1)
			print(l2)

1.增

(1).append 在列表最后追加

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1.append('xx')
print(l1)

应用

1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
while 1:
    name = input('请输入新员工姓名: (Q或者q退出程序)')
    if name.upper() == 'Q': break
    l1.append(name)
print(l1)

(2).insert 插入 （按位置）

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1.insert(0,'wusir')
print(l1)

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1.insert(2,'wusir')
print(l1)

3.extend 迭代着追加 组成对象的最小元素迭加

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1.extend("abcd") #  '吴老师', 'xiao', '阎龙', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
l1.extend(["alex",])  # ['太白', '女神', '吴老师', 'xiao', '阎龙', 'alex']  ****
l1.extend(["alex",1,2]) # ['太白', '女神', '吴老师', 'xiao', '阎龙', 'alex',1,2] ****
print(l1)

2.删

(1).pop 按照索引位置删除 有返回值（返回的是删除的元素）默认删除最后一个

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l2 = l1.pop(-2)
print(l1)
print(l2)

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l3 = l1.pop()
print(l3)
print(l1)

(3). remove 指定元素删除, 如果有重名元素，默认删除从左数第一个

l1 = ["xiao","太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1.remove('xiao')
print(l1)

(3).del 按照索引删除

  **按照索引删除**

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
del l1[-1]
print(l1)

按照切片(步长)删除

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
del l1[::2]
print(l1)

(4).clear (了解) 清空

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1.clear()
print(l1)

3.改

（1）.按照索引改

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1[0] = '男神' # 放在等号左边为右边赋值位置
print(l1)

(2).按照切片改（了解）

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1[2:] = 'sdasfasfas'
print(l1)

(3).按照切片（步长）

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
l1[::2] = 'abc'
print(l1)

4.查

切片（步长）查
for 循环

l1 = ["太白","女神","吴老师","xiao","阎龙"]
for i in l1:
    print(i)
print(l1)

5.元组

（1）.也可索引,切片（步长）

 tu = (100,'taibai',[100,2,3])  #列表里的元素可改
 print(tu[0])
 print(tu[:2])

查看

 tu = (100,'taibai',[100,2,3])
 for i in tu:
     print(i)

 print(len(tu))

tu = (100,'taibai',[100,2,3])
tu[-1].append(666)
print(tu)

没有增减

tu = (100,'taibai',[100,2,3])
del tu[2]
print(tu)

应用：

重要数据，不想让别人改变的数据可与存放于元组

元组的拆包，分别复制

a,b = (1,2) # 一一对应
print(a,b)

range

类似于列表，自定制数字范围的数字列表
顾头不顾尾

r = range(10)# (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
for i in r:
    print(i)

l1 = [1,2,3,'alex','taibai']
# 利用for循环，利用range将l1列表的所有索引打印踹
for i in range(len(l1)):
    print(i)