Spring事务配置的五种方式

    前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究,在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过,但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清,还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下:

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图:

Spring事务配置 (2)

    根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:

    第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
   
</ bean >  

   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  
   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
</ bean >
   
   
<!-- 配置DAO -->
   
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
</ bean >
   
   
< bean id ="userDao"  
        class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >  
          
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
          
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager"   />     
       
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget"   />  
        
< property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"   />
       
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
       
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >  
           
< props >  
               
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
           
</ props >  
       
</ property >  
   
</ bean >  
</ beans >

    第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
   
</ bean >  

   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  
   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
</ bean >
   
   
< bean id ="transactionBase"  
            class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
            lazy-init
="true" abstract ="true" >  
       
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
       
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager"   />  
       
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
       
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >  
           
< props >  
               
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >  
           
</ props >  
       
</ property >  
   
</ bean >    
  
   
<!-- 配置DAO -->
   
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
</ bean >
   
   
< bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase"   >  
       
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget"   />   
   
</ bean >
</ beans >

第三种方式:使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
   
</ bean >  

   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  
   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
</ bean >  
  
   
< bean id ="transactionInterceptor"  
        class
="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >  
       
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager"   />  
       
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
       
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >  
           
< props >  
               
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >  
           
</ props >  
       
</ property >  
   
</ bean >
     
   
< bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >  
       
< property name ="beanNames" >  
           
< list >  
               
< value > *Dao </ value >
            </ list >  
       
</ property >  
       
< property name ="interceptorNames" >  
           
< list >  
               
< value > transactionInterceptor </ value >  
           
</ list >  
       
</ property >  
   
</ bean >  
 
   
<!-- 配置DAO -->
   
< bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
</ bean >
</ beans >

第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< context:annotation-config />
   
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

   
< bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
   
</ bean >  

   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  
   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
</ bean >

   
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
       
< tx:attributes >
           
< tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED"   />
       
</ tx:attributes >
   
</ tx:advice >
   
   
< aop:config >
       
< aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression
="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"   />
       
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref
="interceptorPointCuts"   />        
   
</ aop:config >      
</ beans >

第五种方式:全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
>

   
< context:annotation-config />
   
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

   
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

   
< bean id ="sessionFactory"  
            class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >  
       
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />  
       
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
   
</ bean >  

   
<!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->  
   
< bean id ="transactionManager"
        class
="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory"   />
   
</ bean >
   
</ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下:

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component(
" userDao " )
public   class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

   
public List < User > listUsers() {
       
return   this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
    }
   
   
}
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