1)语法:for(decl : coll){//statement}
①decl用于声明元素及类型,如int elem或auto elem(让编译器自动推导集合中元素的类型),但应注意auto& elem和auto elem的区别,前者是元素的引用,后者是元素的副本。
②coll为元素的集合
注意auto& elem和auto elem的区别
int ar[3] = {1,2,3};
for (int e:ar) {//注意auto& elem和auto elem的区别,前者是元素的引用,后者是元素的副本
e += 2;
cout << e <<" ";
}cout <<endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
cout << ar[i]<<" ";
}cout << endl;
int ar[3] = {1,2,3};
for (int &e:ar) {//注意auto& elem和auto elem的区别,前者是元素的引用,后者是元素的副本
e += 2;
cout << e <<" ";
}cout <<endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
cout << ar[i]<<" ";
}cout << endl;