数据库MySQL
数据的读取速度:CPU > 内存 > 磁盘 > 数据库
存放数据的元数据(数据的详细描述信息,不是真实内容)
DBS (数据库系统)= DB(数据库)+ DBMS(数据库管理系统)
1.软件包安装
[root@mysql50 ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm ==>>下载mysql安装包
[root@mysql50 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
[root@mysql50 ~]# yum check-update ==>>更新yum软件包
[root@mysql50 ~]# yum update ==>>更新系统
[root@mysql50 ~]# yum install mysql mysql-server ==>>安装mysql
[root@mysql50 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld ==>>启动mysql服务并加入开机自启动
[root@mysql50 ~]# systemctl status mysqld ==>>检查mysql状态
[root@mysql50 ~]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log ==>>查看临时密码
2020-06-29T00:20:45.768786Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: y>X/O>yl>2Tv ==>>临时密码y>X/O>yl>2Tv
2.配置mysql
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql_secure_installation ==>>密码就设置为:MyNewPass4!
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p version ==>>查询mysql版本号
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql -u root -pMyNewPass4!
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; ==>>只验证长度
mysql> set global validate_password_length=6; ==>>密码长度默认8个字符
mysql> alter user root@"localhost" identified by "tarena"; ==>>修改登录密码
mysql> exit
3.数据库基本操作
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql -uroot -ptarena ==>>用root密码和身份登录数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema | ==>>信息概要库
| mysql | ==>>授权库
| performance_schema | ==>>性能结构库
| sys | ==>>系统元数据库
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use sys; ==>>切换到sys库
mysql> select database(); ==>>查看当前所在库
mysql> create database newdb; ==>>创建库
mysql> drop database newdb; ==>>删除库
mysql> use mysql; ==>>切换到sys库
mysql> show tables; ==>>查看mysql库的所有表
mysql> desc column_priv\G ==>>查看musql库的column_priv表结构,以列表形式展现
mysql> desc columns_priv; ==>>查看musql库的column_priv表结构,以表格形式展现
创建mydb库pwlist的表,包括name,password两列,name列为主键,字段不允许为空,密码默认为空值。
mysql> create database mydb;
mysql> use mydb;
mysql> create table pwlist(
-> name char(16) not null,
-> password char(48) default '',
-> primary key(name)
-> );
mysql> show tables;
mysql> desc pwlist;
4.更改字符集
1)可以在建表命令后加default charset=utf8使支持中文字符集。
2)修改my.cnf的配置文件
[root@mysql50 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
[root@mysql50 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
mysql> show variables like 'character%'; ==>>确认更改结果