安卓NDK的HelloWorld

前言

首先看一下项目目录：

jni文件夹下是用于调用pcap库的C文件。

Android.mk

文件开头必须是 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)，这个命令的意思是当前目录就是Android.mk文件所在目录，接下来都相对于这个路径去寻找。 第二行是： include$(CLEAR_VARS)， GNU在makefile的时候会删除一些本地本来那个，这里会帮我们重新引入回来。
第三行是 LOCAL_MODULE:=，指定的是编译出的模块的名称，会根据当前是否有lib前缀选择是否添加。
第四行是 LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= ，指明了我们编写的C或C++本地方法的位置。
最后一行是 include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)，指明了一个GNU 编译的脚本，决定编译什么以及如何编译。

Ndk调用流程

首先还是要下载Ndk并配置环境，这部分内容比较简单不在这里做介绍。

编写Android.mk

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_MODULE    := hello-jni
//主要在于找到Source File的位置。
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c

include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

编写Application.mk

//这个是和手机与CPU架构适配相关的，一般默认即可。
APP_ABI := all

本地方法

编写C、C++文件

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 */
#include <string.h>
#include <jni.h>

/* This is a trivial JNI example where we use a native method
 * to return a new VM String. See the corresponding Java source
 * file located at:
 *
 *   apps/samples/hello-jni/project/src/com/example/hellojni/HelloJni.java
 */
jstring
Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI( JNIEnv* env,
                                                  jobject thiz )
{
#if defined(__arm__)
  #if defined(__ARM_ARCH_7A__)
    #if defined(__ARM_NEON__)
      #if defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP)
        #define ABI "armeabi-v7a/NEON (hard-float)"
      #else
        #define ABI "armeabi-v7a/NEON"
      #endif
    #else
      #if defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP)
        #define ABI "armeabi-v7a (hard-float)"
      #else
        #define ABI "armeabi-v7a"
      #endif
    #endif
  #else
   #define ABI "armeabi"
  #endif
#elif defined(__i386__)
   #define ABI "x86"
#elif defined(__x86_64__)
   #define ABI "x86_64"
#elif defined(__mips64)  /* mips64el-* toolchain defines __mips__ too */
   #define ABI "mips64"
#elif defined(__mips__)
   #define ABI "mips"
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
   #define ABI "arm64-v8a"
#else
   #define ABI "unknown"
#endif

    return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello from JNI !  Compiled with ABI " ABI ".");
}

函数返回类型jstring，输入参数有一个jobject类型，这些类型是JNI的具体类型。可以参阅Oracle官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/jni/spec/jniTOC.html。
对于native方法的命名也有规则 限制：
1、将Java_放在最前面
2、添加对应的java方法的包名
3、添加响应的类名
4、添加其中的方法。

可见，最终方法名是 ：Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI，对应包com.example.hellojni中的HelloJni类的stringFromJni方法。

实现Java方法

最后实现java方法：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.example.hellojni;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.os.Bundle;


public class HelloJni extends Activity
{
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        /* Create a TextView and set its content.
         * the text is retrieved by calling a native
         * function.
         */
        TextView  tv = new TextView(this);
        tv.setText( stringFromJNI() );
        setContentView(tv);
    }

    /* A native method that is implemented by the
     * 'hello-jni' native library, which is packaged
     * with this application.
     */
    public native String  stringFromJNI();

    /* This is another native method declaration that is *not*
     * implemented by 'hello-jni'. This is simply to show that
     * you can declare as many native methods in your Java code
     * as you want, their implementation is searched in the
     * currently loaded native libraries only the first time
     * you call them.
     *
     * Trying to call this function will result in a
     * java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError exception !
     */
    public native String  unimplementedStringFromJNI();

    /* this is used to load the 'hello-jni' library on application
     * startup. The library has already been unpacked into
     * /data/data/com.example.hellojni/lib/libhello-jni.so at
     * installation time by the package manager.
     */
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("hello-jni");
    }
}

静态代码块中加载了我们的库文件hello-jni，然后后面通过native关键字调用了方法。这里System.loadLibrary()中的参数，只要和我们的源文件名相同，本例中hello-jni.c对用hello-jni即可。