小白学python（003）——163邮箱自动登录，切换frame与定位元素的坑

今天是学习selenium的第三天，今天的主题是自动登录126邮箱。

今天总结碰到的坑有三个：

1、frame内元素抓取，使用driver.switch_to.frame(frameId)方法切换锁定frame

2、等待页面渲染完毕定位输入，chrome下使用sleep(秒)等待

3、 driver的element内置方法会有失灵情况，采用driver.execute_script(js字符串)方法执行

初始代码，代码中的username\password替换成自己的账户密码即可。

搞了半天，怎么都获取不到，然后抓取本页面的所有input，循环打印出来，发现确实找不到登录框。

inputs = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//input")
print( len(inputs) )
for input in inputs:
    print('input id is ',input.get_attribute("id"),
          '| input name is ',input.get_attribute("name") )

眼瞎的后面才发现是嵌套在iframe中的，这就好办了，网上搜索了下定位方法

#driver.switch_to.frame("x-URS-iframe")#定位到登录frame
print('begin定位到x-URS-iframe')
driver.switch_to.frame("x-URS-iframe")
print('end定位到x-URS-iframe')

接下来的代码都一样，但是在email框中send_keys始终无法输入成功，password却可以，莫名其妙，没搞懂。

此时换成执行js方法

dologin = driver.find_element_by_id("dologin")
email = driver.find_element_by_name("email")
password = driver.find_element_by_name("password")

print('email is_displayed ',email.is_displayed() )
print('email is_enabled  ',email.is_enabled() )
email.clear()
#email.send_keys('kiokyw')#火狐此方法不行

#调用js 输入
email_id = email.get_attribute("id")
js = "document.getElementById('"+email_id+"').value='username'"
print(js)
driver.execute_script(js)

执行成功，再输入password，并点击登录按钮

password.clear()
password.send_keys('password')

print( 'email class = ', email.get_attribute('class') )
print( 'email value = ', email.get_attribute('value') )
print( 'password value = ', password.get_attribute('value') )


js = "document.getElementById('dologin').click()"
print(js)
driver.execute_script(js)
#dologin.click()#IE下此方法不行
print('登录成功')

最后是切回主frame，否则还在原来的frame中，获取不到新页面的元素

#切回主frame
driver.switch_to.default_content()

#当前url
now_url = driver.current_url
print(now_url)

#获取当前登录用户名
user = driver.find_element_by_id('spnUid').text
print(user)

最后是完整代码

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from time import ctime
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
#driver = webdriver.Chrome()
#driver = webdriver.Ie()

#设置隐式等待为10秒
driver.implicitly_wait(10)

url = 'http://www.126.com'
driver.get(url)
print("title is ",driver.title)

#element = WebDriverWait( driver,5, 0.5).until(
#    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'wd'))
#    )

'''
try:
    idInput = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//a')
    #等同
    #idInput = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('a')
    print(len(idInput))
    for a in idInput:
        print(a.get_attribute('id') )
except:
    print("test error")

try:
    
    element = WebDriverWait( driver,10, 0.5).until(
       EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'dologin'))
    )
    idInput = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('input')
    print(len(idInput))
    for a in idInput:
        print(a.get_attribute('id') )
except:
    print("test error")
'''
#定位到iframe`在这里插入代码片`
try:
    sleep(10) #chrome下需要等待
    print( ctime(),'| url=',driver.current_url )
    #driver.switch_to.frame("x-URS-iframe")#定位到登录frame
    print('begin定位到x-URS-iframe')
    driver.switch_to.frame("x-URS-iframe")
    print('end定位到x-URS-iframe')
    

    inputs = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//input")
    print( len(inputs) )
    for input in inputs:
        print('input id is ',input.get_attribute("id"),
              '| input name is ',input.get_attribute("name") )
        
    
    dologin = driver.find_element_by_id("dologin")
    email = driver.find_element_by_name("email")
    password = driver.find_element_by_name("password")
 
    print('email is_displayed ',email.is_displayed() )
    print('email is_enabled  ',email.is_enabled() )
    email.clear()
    #email.send_keys('kiokyw')#火狐此方法不行

    #调用js 输入成功
    
    email_id = email.get_attribute("id")
    js = "document.getElementById('"+email_id+"').value='kiokyw'"
    print(js)
    driver.execute_script(js)
   
    
    password.clear()
    password.send_keys('Yy19861121')

    print( 'email class = ', email.get_attribute('class') )
    print( 'email value = ', email.get_attribute('value') )
    print( 'password value = ', password.get_attribute('value') )

    
    js = "document.getElementById('dologin').click()"
    print(js)
    driver.execute_script(js)
    #dologin.click()#IE下此方法不行
    print('登录成功')


    #切回主frame
    driver.switch_to.default_content()

    #当前url
    now_url = driver.current_url
    print(now_url)

    #获取当前登录用户名
    user = driver.find_element_by_id('spnUid').text
    print(user)
    
except  BaseException as msg:
    print(msg)

print("关闭浏览器")
driver.quit()

以上代码太长了，再另附一份谷歌登录163邮箱的代码,重点是需要等待渲染

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep

#自动打开邮箱主页登录
#dr= webdriver.Firefox()
dr= webdriver.Chrome()
#dr = webdriver.Ie()
dr.get("http://mail.163.com")
sleep(2)
dr.switch_to.frame("x-URS-iframe")
idInput = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@name="email"]')
pwdInput = dr.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@name="password"]')
idInput.clear()
idInput.send_keys("username")
pwdInput.clear()
pwdInput.send_keys("password")

dr.find_element_by_id('dologin').click()

dr.quit()