Linux基础学习之Day7-2-LVM管理

Linux基础学习之从入门到精通Day7-2

LVM管理

在线扩容 online

数据迁移 online

创建LVM LVM叫逻辑卷管理
VG扩展/缩小
LV扩容
文件系统扩容 在线扩容及在生产中 300G+900G硬盘 做单盘RAID0

基本分区(MBR|GPT) ----> Filesystem ----> mount
逻辑卷LVM ----> Filesystem ----> mount

VG叫做卷组

extents 叫做扩展块

PE: Physical extent 物理扩展 4M 8M 16M 32M 64M 创建VG时指定 -s 8M
LE: Logical extent 逻辑扩展

一、创建LVM

0. 准备物理磁盘

可以是： /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1

[root@server0 ~]# ll /dev/vd{c,d,e}
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 253, 32 Jun  6 17:38 /dev/vdc
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 253, 48 Jun  6 17:38 /dev/vdd
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 253, 64 Jun  6 17:38 /dev/vde

1. pv

[root@server0 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdd
  Physical volume "/dev/vdd" successfully created

[root@server0 ~]# pvscan 
  PV /dev/vdd                      lvm2 [2.00 GiB]
  Total: 1 [2.00 GiB] / in use: 0 [0   ] / in no VG: 1 [2.00 GiB]

[root@server0 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize PFree
  /dev/vdd        lvm2 a--  2.00g 2.00g

2. vg

[root@server0 ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/vdd
  Volume group "vg1" successfully created
[root@server0 ~]# vgs
  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
  vg1    1   0   0 wz--n- 2.00g 2.00g
[root@server0 ~]# vgscan 
  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
  Found volume group "vg1" using metadata type lvm2
[root@server0 ~]# vgdisplay                     vgdisplay datevg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg1
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               2.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              511
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       511 / 2.00 GiB
  VG UUID               7E4tlj-l0a2-ph52-OytH-eaq7-58K6-2S4n8V

3. lv

[root@server0 ~]# lvcreate -l 10 -n lv1 vg1
[root@server0 ~]# lvcreate -L 200M -n lv2 vg1

[root@server0 ~]# lvscan 
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg1/lv1' [640.00 MiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg1/lv2' [256.00 MiB] inherit

4. 创建文件系统并挂载

[root@server0 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg1/lv1
[root@server0 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv2

[root@server0 ~]# mkdir /mnt/lv1 /mnt/lv2

[root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/vg1/lv1    /mnt/lv1        xfs     defaults 0 0
/dev/vg1/lv2    /mnt/lv2        ext4    defaults 0 0

[root@server0 ~]# mount -a
[root@server0 ~]# df
Filesystem          1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1    651948   32928    619020   6% /mnt/lv1
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv2    245671    2062    226406   1% /mnt/lv2

二、VG管理

扩大VG vgextend

1. pv

[root@server0 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vde

2. vgextend

[root@server0 ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/vde
  Volume group "vg1" successfully extended
[root@server0 ~]# vgs
  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
  vg1    2   2   0 wz--n- 3.99g 3.76g

减小VG vgreduce

通常先做数据的迁移

1.查看当前的VG中PV的使用情况

[root@server0 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize PFree
  /dev/vdd   vg1  lvm2 a--  2.00g 1.76g
  /dev/vde   vg1  lvm2 a--  2.00g 2.00g

2. pvmove数据到其它PV

[root@server0 ~]# pvmove /dev/vdd
  /dev/vdd: Moved: 16.7%
  /dev/vdd: Moved: 100.0%

[root@server0 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize PFree
  /dev/vdd   vg1  lvm2 a--  2.00g 2.00g
  /dev/vde   vg1  lvm2 a--  2.00g 1.76g

3.vgreduce VG

[root@server0 ~]#  vgreduce vg1 /dev/vdd
  Removed "/dev/vdd" from volume group "vg1"

[root@server0 ~]# vgs
  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
  vg1    1   2   0 wz--n- 2.00g 1.76g

三、LV扩容

1. lv扩容

[root@server0 ~]# vgs
  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
  vg1    2   2   0 wz--n- 1.88g 1.00g

[root@server0 ~]# lvextend -L 800M /dev/vg1/lv1
[root@server0 ~]# lvextend -L +800M /dev/vg1/lv1

[root@server0 ~]# lvextend -l 15 /dev/vg1/lv1
[root@server0 ~]# lvextend -l +15 /dev/vg1/lv1

=======================================
+50%FREE

[root@server0 ~]# lvscan 
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg1/lv1' [768.00 MiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg1/lv2' [512.00 MiB] inherit

2. FS扩容

[root@server0 ~]# df -Th 
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 xfs       637M   67M  570M  11% /mnt/lv1
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv2 ext4      240M   32M  192M  15% /mnt/lv2

a. xfs
[root@server0 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1

b. ext2/3/4
[root@server0 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv2

[root@server0 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem          Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 xfs       765M   67M  698M   9% /mnt/lv1
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv2 ext4      488M   32M  429M   7% /mnt/lv2

1.创建pv

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
[root@localhost ~]# pvs

2.创建vg

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda6
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
[root@localhost ~]# vgs

3.创建lv

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 250M -n /dev/vg0/lv0 vg0
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
[root@localhost ~]# lvs

注意:
pv不能跨越vg
lv不能跨越vg
系统中可以创建多个vg
vg中可以创建多个lv
删除lvm

1.umount /dev/vg0/lv0
2.[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0 
3.[root@localhost ~]# vgremove vg0
4.[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sda{5,6,8}