研究生英语系列综合教程上

Unit 1 Planning Your Future Career

1. Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.
   每家公司在特定的专业领域都有少数员工，你可以依靠他们来完成工作。
   (1) a handful of  少数
   (2) staff    员工
   (3) a given area  特定的区域
   (4) expertise  专业知识
   (5) count on  依靠
2. We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people.
   我们让他们符合我们在顶级员工身上看到的标准。
   (1) hold ··· up to  使···符合
   (2) top people  顶级员工【根据原文语境翻译】
3. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry.
   它值得重复，因为它是学术界和工业界之间最明显的区别。
   (1) It deserves doing  值得做···
   (2) the single most public difference  最明显的区别
4. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.
   商业环境没有那么独狼和竞争，所以合作和无私的迹象脱颖而出。
   (1) lone-wolf   独狼，单打独斗的人
   (2) sign of    ···的迹象
   (3) collaborative    合作的
5. Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent-researcher role and outshining other young stars.
   许多博士后和研究生很难证明他们能够实现这一转变，因为他们一生中的大部分时间都在扮演独立研究者的角色和超越其他后起之秀。
   (1) postdocs and grad students   博士后和研究生
   (2) have a tough time   做···很困难
   (3) involve    参加、加入; 包含; 牵涉; 牵连;
   (4) outshining    优于、超过
   (5) young stars    后起之秀
6. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists form other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goal-and documenting the results on your resume.
   通过与其他实验室和学科的科学家合作，追求共同的目标，并将结果记录在简历上，你可以让自己对公司更有吸引力。
   (1) discipline    学科
   (2) in pursuit of    追求
   (3) document    记录
7. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business.
   在一个企业中，你需要了解这个过程，但你最终会爱上这个答案，然后根据你认为这个答案对你的企业意味着什么来承担风险。
   (1) end up    最终···
   (2) what you think that answer means to your business    you think是插入语，that answer 的that是特指，不是关系代词
8. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets.
   向商业世界过渡的科学家必须将其关系资源置于技术资源之上。
   (1) transitioning into    转行
   (2) prioritize    优先
9. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things.
   对于一个以前只根据专业知识水平被评价和衡量的人来说，突然根据他的人际关系能力来评价和衡量他，这可能是一个非常可怕的命题。
   (1) mastery of    精通、掌握
   (2) scary proposition    可怕的命题
   (3) mastery of things    专业知识水平【根据原文语境翻译】
10. Indeed, the key players I’ve met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because they’ve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization.
    事实上，我遇到的在正在行业工作中取得成功的核心员工，在很大程度上是因为他们能够在组织内外与各种各样的人物合作。
    (1) work at the bench    在工作中
    (2) in great measure    在很大程度上
    (3) a broad variety of    各种各样的
    (4) up and down the organization    在组织内外

Unit 2 Art of the Table

1. Sichuan, known as Nature’s Storehouse, is also a storehouse of cuisine. Here, each and every restaurant provides delicious yet economical culinary fare.
   四川，被称为天府之国，也是美食之都。在这里，每家餐厅都提供美味而经济的美食。
   (1) Nature’s Storehouse    天府之国
   (2) a storehouse of cuisine    美食之都
   (3) culinary    烹饪的、食物的
   (4) fare    食物
2. Guangdong Province is located in southern China, with a moderate climate and abundant produce all year round.
   广东省地处中国南方，全年气候温和，物产丰富。
   (1) moderate    适宜的、温和的
3. Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River.
   浙菜清淡精致，是典型的长江下游美食。
   (1) light    味道淡的
   (2) exquisite    精致的
   (3) is typical of    ···的代表
   (4) Yangtze River    长江
4. Buddha Jumping over the Wall was created in a restaurant called Gathering Spring Garden in Fuzhou, Fujian, during the reign of the Qing Emperor, Guangxu (1875-1908).
   佛跳墙是清光绪年间（1875-1908）在福建福州一家名为“聚春园”的餐馆创作的。
   (1) reign    统治时期
5. The elders select food for the young while the young make toasts to the elders.
   长辈为晚辈夹菜，而晚辈则向长辈敬酒。
   (1) toast    敬酒
6. In China, food eaten during festivals is particularly important. At different festivals, people partake of different fare.
   在中国，节日期间吃的食物尤为重要。在不同的节日，人们享用不同的食物。
   (1) partake of    享用

Unit 4 Love and Marriage

1. Babies and Children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problems-for example, depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic difficulties-that sometimes last a lifetime.
   众所周知，缺爱的婴儿和儿童会出现各种各样的问题，例如抑郁症、头痛、生理障碍以及有时会持续一生的神经质和身心疾病。
   (1) deprived of    剥夺
   (2) A have been known to B    据了解A会B
   (3) physiological    生理机能的
   (4) impairments    受损
   (5) psychosomatic    由精神压力引起的
2. Among other things, people who like themselves are more open to criticism and less demanding of others.
   此外，喜欢自己的人更容易接受批评，对他人的要求低。
   (1) Among other things    此外
   (2) be more open to    对···更开放
   (3) less demanding of    对···要求低
3. Love has many dimensions.
   爱有很多方面。
4. Although love may involve passionate yearning, respect is a more important quality.
   虽然爱可能包含着激情的向往，但尊重是一种更重要的品质。
   (1) involve    包含; 牵涉; 牵连;参加、加入;
   (2) passionate    激情的
   (3) yearning    渴望
   (4) quality    品质、质量
5. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal and group practices and expectations shape romantic experience.
   从社会和群体的实践和期望塑造了浪漫经验的意义上，即使在青春期前，浪漫经验也是可以培养的。
   (1) preteen    13岁之前
   (2) cultured    培养
   (3) in the sense that    从···意义上
6. Regan and Berscheid (1999) differentiate between lust, desire, and romantic love.
   里根和波谢德（1999）区分了性欲、情欲和浪漫爱情。
   (1) differentiate between ··· and ···    区分
7. Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark” in their relationship has gone and may reminisce regretfully (and longingly) about “the good old days”.
   一旦欲望减弱，失望的恋人可能会想知道他们关系中的“火花”去了哪里，并可能遗憾地（渴望地）回忆起“过去的美好时光”。
   (1) diminishes    减少
   (2) reminisce    怀念

Unit 7 Exploring Human Nature

1. Each man sees himself as unique, and so far as he is concerned the hub of the universe, different from any other individual.
   每个人都认为自己是独一无二的，就他而言，他是宇宙的中心，与其他任何人都不同。
   (1) so far as one’s concerned    就···而言
   (2) the hub of    ···的中心
2. Apologies are in order when Mr. Smith is mistaken for Mr. Jones.
   当史密斯先生被误认为是琼斯先生时，我们应该道歉。
   (1) be in order    适合的
   (2) A be mistaken for B    A误认为B
3. No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and fit them into the mosaic of his own life’s pattern.
   没有两个人会从相同的经历中得出相同的结论，但每个人都必须解释事件，并将其融入自己生活模式的拼图中。
4. Human nature is ever true to itself, not to systems of faith or education.
   人性永远忠于自己，而不是信仰或教育体系。
5. Each holds to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization.
   每一个人都坚持着灵魂在个体化时所铸入的模型结构。
   (1) holds to    坚持
   (2) cast    铸造
6. Nor does a man change and become a liar, coward or traitor at fifty or sixty; if he is one then, he has been one ever since his character was formed. Big criminals are first little criminals, just as giant oaks are first little acorns.
   没有一个人会在五六十岁时改变，变成骗子、懦夫或叛徒；如果他当时是骗子、懦夫或叛徒，那么自从他的性格形成以来，他就是骗子、懦夫或叛徒。大罪犯首先是小罪犯，就像大橡树首先是小橡子一样。
7. The spirit is perfect, but when it inhabits human structures, it participates in the imperfections of the latter; and during its association with matter takes on the mortal weaknesses, desire and limitations.
   精神是完美的，但当它存在于人类结构中时，它就参与了后者的不完美；在与物质联系的过程中，它呈现出致命的弱点、欲望和局限性。
   (1) inhabits    栖息
   (2) takes on    呈现
   (3) mortal    致命的
8. One plunges into the surf and rescues a swimmer form drowning; another dashes into a burning house and carries a stranger to safety; others snatch a child from the wheels of death; many give their blood so that others may live.
   一个人跳进海浪中，把溺水的游泳者救了出来；另一个冲进着火的房子，把一个陌生人带到安全地带；其他人从死亡的车轮上抢夺一个孩子；许多人献出自己的鲜血是为了让其他人活下去。
   (1) plunges into    跳进

Unit 10 The Role of Education

1. Our society’s confidence in its institutions of higher education is expressed through the generous investment of the federal and state governments in basic and applied research, investments that wisely couple support for research with support for graduate education.
   我们的社会对高等教育机构的信心通过联邦和州政府对基础和应用研究的慷慨投资来表达，这些投资明智地将对研究的支持与对研究生教育的支持结合起来。
   (1) institutions of higher education    高等教育机构
   (2) generous    慷慨的
   (3) applied research    应用研究
   (4) couple A with B    结合A与B
2. In times of trouble, it is especially important that we live up to these expectations.
   在困难时期，我们不辜负这些期望是特别重要的。
   (1) live up to    不辜负
3. The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions.
   中世纪的大学形象是一座象牙塔，学者们转向内心进行孤独的沉思，摆脱了日常的烦恼，这一形象已被现代大学所取代，现代大学不是用象牙建造的，而是用一种高度多孔的材料建造的，这种材料可以在两个方向上自由扩散。
   (1) medieval    中世纪
   (2) an ivory tower    象牙塔
   (3) solitary contemplation    孤独的沉思
   (4) immunized    免疫、摆脱
   (5) supersede    代替、取代
   (6) constructed    构造、建造
   (7) highly porous material    高度多孔的材料
   (8) diffusion    传播、扩散
4. Its scholars and teachers are meant to move in and out of the academy in pursuit of opportunities to use their expertise in public service, in pursuit of creative work that will give us illumination and insight and in pursuit of ways to turn laboratory discoveries into useful things.
   它的学者和教师打算进出学院，寻求在公共服务中利用他们的专业知识的机会，寻求能给我们启发和见解的创造性工作，并寻求将实验室发现转化为有用事物的方法。
   (1) in pursuit of    追求、寻求
   (2) expertise    专业知识
   (3) illumination    阐明、启发
   (4) insight    见解
5. We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for new knowledge often depends upon preparing fertile ground in obscure places where serendipity and good luck, as well as deep intelligence, can sprout.
   我们还了解到，只在可预测的地方寻找是不明智的，因为新知识往往取决于在未知的地方准备肥沃的土壤，在那里可以孕育出机缘和好运，以及深厚的智慧。
   (1) predictable    可预测的
   (2) obscure    模糊的
   (3) serendipity    机缘
   (4) deep intelligence    深厚的智慧
   (5) sprout    发芽、生长、出现
6. Freedom of inquiry, which is one of our most cherished organizing principles, is not just a moral imperative, its is a practical necessity.
   探索自由是我们最珍视的组织原则之一，它不仅是道德上的必要条件，也是实际的必要条件。
   (1) cherished    珍视的
   (2) imperative    需要的、必要的
7. It consists in the power to distinguish good reasoning from bad, in the power to digest and interpret evidence, in the habit of catholic observation and a preference for the non-partisan point of view, in an addiction to clear and logical processes of thought and yet an instinctive desire to interpret rather than to stick to the letter of reasoning, in a taste for knowledge and a deep respect for the integrity of the human mind.
   它包括辨别是非的能力，消化和解释论据的能力，广泛观察的习惯和对客观观点的偏好，对清晰和合乎逻辑的思维过程的着迷，还本能地想要解释而不是坚持推理的原则，对知识的品味和对人类的健全心智的深深尊重。
   (1) consists 包括
   (2) distinguish A from B 区分A和B
   (3) digest 消化
   (4) in the habit of 习惯于
   (5) catholic 广泛的
   (6) non-partisan 无党派的
   (7) in an addiction to 沉迷于
   (8) instinctive 本能的
   (9) stick to 坚持
   (10) in a taste for 品尝
   (11) integrity 完整性